A patient who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer, asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications:

Increase insulin production by the pancreas

Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas

Decrease the amount of glucagon produced by the pancreas

Decrease the uptake of glucose by the body's cells

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increase insulin production by the pancreas: This is incorrect because incretin enhancers don't increase the production of insulin itself but rather enhance the secretion of insulin in response to meals.
B. Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas: This is correct. Incretin enhancers (e.g., DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists) work by amplifying the effect of incretins, which are hormones that increase insulin secretion in response to meals.
C. Decrease the amount of glucagon produced by the pancreas: This is partly true but not the primary mechanism. Incretins do reduce glucagon release, which helps lower blood glucose, but the main action is to increase insulin secretion.
D. Decrease the uptake of glucose by the body's cells: This is incorrect. Incretin enhancers do not work by decreasing glucose uptake by cells; rather, they enhance insulin secretion which in turn helps cells to uptake glucose.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Respiratory acidosis: This is not a typical side effect of metformin.
B. Hyperlipidaemia: Metformin might not directly cause significant hyperlipidaemia.
C. Hypertension: Metformin doesn't typically cause hypertension.
D. Lactic acidosis: This is a rare but serious complication of metformin therapy. It can occur if metformin accumulates in the body due to impaired kidney function or other factors. Monitoring for signs and symptoms is crucial.

A. a reduction of intestinal bacteria lessens the possibility of postoperative infection B. the bacteria found in the bowel cannot be destroyed after surgery C. abdominal surgery requires starting antibiotic therapy 4 days before surgery D. anesthesia makes the bowel resistant to an antibiotic after surgery

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A reduction of intestinal bacteria lessens the possibility of postoperative infection: This is the correct answer. Neomycin is an antibiotic that helps decrease the number of bacteria in the bowel, which can reduce the risk of surgical site infections after GI surgery.
B. The bacteria found in the bowel cannot be destroyed after surgery: While some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, bowel prep aims to reduce overall bacterial load, not eliminate them completely.
C. Abdominal surgery requires starting antibiotic therapy 4 days before surgery: Prophylactic antibiotics are often given shortly before surgery, not necessarily 4 days in advance. Bowel prep can be a separate measure.
D. Anesthesia makes the bowel resistant to an antibiotic after surgery: Anesthesia doesn't cause antibiotic resistance in the bowel.

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A patient who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer, asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Clients taking metformin (Glucophage) should be monitored for this rare but potentially fatal adverse effect:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is asked why neomycin is given as a bowel prep before GI surgery. The nurse correctly replies that:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer dexamethasone 3 mg PO. Available is dexamethasone 1.5 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged with a prescription for tetracycline. Which of the following statements, if made by the client. demonstrates an understanding of the discharge instructions?

The nurse is admitting a client to the acute care floor with methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The nurse would expect the physician to order which of the following medications for the client?

Children younger than 9 years should not be given tetracyclines because:

Which class of antibiotic is associated with cartilage toxicity and rupture of the Achilles tendon?

Which of the following complaints by a man taking gentamycin would be most indicative that he is experiencing ototoxicity?

The nurse teaches a patient to self-administer his insulin. How can the nurse best evaluate whether the patient understands the instruction?

Which of the following common habit of patients may cause microbes to re-populate and re-establish an infection?