Which class of antibiotic is associated with cartilage toxicity and rupture of the Achilles tendon?

A. "Expect your urine to turn pink or red while taking this medication."

This statement is incorrect. Vancomycin does not typically cause urine discoloration. However, red man syndrome, characterized by flushing of the skin, particularly on the face and upper body, can occur with rapid infusion of vancomycin. This is not related to urine color change.

B. "Discontinue the medication once your symptoms subside."

This statement is incorrect. It's crucial for the client to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before completing the treatment course. Discontinuing the medication prematurely can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance and recurrence of the infection.

C. "Notify your provider if you experience any changes in your hearing."

This statement is correct. Vancomycin can potentially cause ototoxicity, which may manifest as changes in hearing, including ringing in the ears (tinnitus) or hearing loss. Clients should be instructed to report any such symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.

D. "Decrease your fluid intake to 1000ml per day."

This statement is incorrect. Adequate hydration is essential, especially when taking medications like vancomycin, to help prevent kidney damage and promote drug elimination. Restricting fluid intake is not advisable unless specifically instructed by the healthcare provider for a particular medical reason.

A. Decision to administer either a bactericidal or bacteriostatic drug:

Culture and sensitivity tests provide information about the susceptibility of the microorganism to specific antimicrobial agents. Based on this information, healthcare providers can choose between bactericidal (agents that kill bacteria) or bacteriostatic (agents that inhibit bacterial growth) drugs. For example, if the culture indicates that the microorganism is susceptible to a bactericidal drug, such as penicillin, the healthcare provider may choose to administer that type of drug.

B. Microbial susceptibility to an anti-infective:

This option accurately describes one of the primary purposes of culture and sensitivity tests. These tests determine whether the microorganism causing the infection is susceptible or resistant to specific antimicrobial agents. This information guides the selection of the most appropriate anti-infective therapy to effectively treat the infection.

C. Duration of the antibacterial drug therapy:

While culture and sensitivity tests provide valuable information about microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, they do not specifically determine the duration of antibacterial drug therapy. The duration of therapy is often determined based on factors such as the type and severity of the infection, the patient's response to treatment, and clinical guidelines, rather than solely on the results of culture and sensitivity tests.

D. Decision to administer empiric therapy:

Empiric therapy involves the initiation of antimicrobial treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge of likely pathogens before culture and sensitivity results are available. Culture and sensitivity tests help confirm the causative microorganism and guide subsequent treatment decisions, including adjustments to therapy based on the results. Therefore, while culture and sensitivity tests inform decisions regarding antimicrobial therapy, they do not directly determine whether empiric therapy should be initiated.