A patient presents with urinary incontinence. Which of the following expected findings would the nurse most likely assess?

Urinary urgency without frequency

Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, sneezing

Urinary hesitancy

Hematuria

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Urinary urgency refers to a sudden, compelling need to urinate, which may or may not be accompanied by frequency (i.e., the need to urinate often). Urgency alone does not necessarily indicate urinary incontinence but rather may suggest conditions like overactive bladder or urge incontinence. This finding is not the most characteristic sign of urinary incontinence but rather a symptom of specific types of incontinence or bladder conditions.
B.   Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, or sneezing is indicative of stress urinary incontinence. This type of incontinence occurs when physical activities that increase abdominal pressure (such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing) lead to involuntary leakage of urine. It is a common and classic symptom of stress urinary incontinence.
C.   Urinary hesitancy refers to difficulty starting the urine stream or a delay in beginning urination. This symptom is more commonly associated with obstructive urinary conditions or prostatic issues in males rather than incontinence. It does not typically characterize urinary incontinence, which is more related to involuntary leakage rather than difficulties initiating urination.
D.   Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and can be a sign of various urological issues such as infections, stones, or tumors. It is not a typical finding associated with urinary incontinence, which involves involuntary leakage rather than the presence of blood.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While holding the client’s arm might seem like a supportive action, it is not the most effective method to prevent a fall. If a client begins to fall, holding their arm could result in injury to either the client or the nurse, as it does not provide adequate control to prevent the fall. Instead, more proactive measures should be taken to safely manage the situation.
B. Assuming a narrow base of support (standing with feet close together) is actually less stable and can increase the risk of falling. To effectively prevent or manage a fall, the nurse should assume a wide base of support (feet apart) to enhance stability and balance.
C. If a fall is imminent and cannot be prevented, the best approach is to safely lower the client to the floor to minimize the risk of injury. The nurse should support the client’s body as they go down, guiding them gently to the floor to avoid a sudden impact. This technique helps reduce the potential for serious injuries such as fractures or head trauma.
D. Leaning the client toward the wall might provide temporary support but does not fully address the risk of a fall. It may also place the client in an awkward or unsafe position. The best approach is to take more direct action to prevent the fall or safely lower the client if the fall is unavoidable.

A. Vitamin C B. Fiber C. Vitamin A D. Oxalates

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Vitamin C significantly enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (the type of iron found in plant- based foods) by reducing iron to a more absorbable form and forming a complex with it that facilitates absorption in the intestines. Consuming foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, strawberries, or bell peppers, along with iron-rich foods, can improve iron absorption.
B. While fiber is an important component of a healthy diet, it can inhibit iron absorption. High-fiber foods may bind with iron and reduce its bioavailability. For optimal iron absorption, it's advisable to consume high-fiber foods separately from iron-rich meals or to ensure a balanced intake.
C. Vitamin A is essential for various bodily functions, including vision and immune function. While it does not directly enhance iron absorption, it plays a role in overall health and can influence iron metabolism. However, its role in iron absorption is less direct compared to vitamin C.
D. Oxalates, found in foods like spinach, rhubarb, and certain nuts, can bind to iron and inhibit its absorption. They form insoluble complexes with iron, making it less available for absorption in the intestines.

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A patient presents with urinary incontinence. Which of the following expected findings would the nurse most likely assess?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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