A nurse is teaching a client about crutch walking using the three-point gait. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching?

"Support your body weight on the underarm crutch pads."

"Look down at your feet before moving the crutches."

"Place one crutch forward with the opposite foot and then place the second crutch forward followed by the second foot."

"Move both crutches forward while standing on the unaffected leg, then lift and swing your body past the crutches."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Crutches should not be used to support body weight under the arms, as this can cause nerve damage or discomfort. Instead, weight should be supported on the hands and arms, with the crutches positioned to support the client’s weight. Proper use involves placing the crutches slightly in front of the feet, with weight supported on the hands, not the underarms.
B.   While it's important to be aware of your surroundings, looking down at your feet can be counterproductive as it may affect balance and coordination. The client should maintain an upright posture and look ahead to ensure proper gait and balance while moving. This helps in coordinating the movement of crutches and feet more effectively.
C.   In a four-point gait, each crutch and foot move alternately, which is different from the three-point gait. The three-point gait involves moving both crutches and the affected leg forward simultaneously, followed by the unaffected leg.
D.   In the three-point gait, the client moves both crutches forward at the same time while keeping the affected leg off the ground or in a non-weight-bearing position. Then, the client swings the unaffected leg forward to step past the crutches. This method ensures that weight is only placed on the unaffected leg while moving.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While milk is a good source of calcium, it is not beneficial for iron absorption. In fact, high calcium intake can inhibit iron absorption. Turkey is a good source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron (found in plant-based sources). While turkey is beneficial, the combination with milk is not ideal due to the calcium interfering with iron absorption.
B. Like milk, yogurt is rich in calcium. Calcium can inhibit iron absorption, making yogurt less ideal for improving iron levels if consumed in large amounts with iron-rich foods. This is also a dairy product high in calcium. Combining it with yogurt does not enhance iron absorption and can hinder it.
C. Spinach is a good source of non-heme iron, though it contains oxalates, which can inhibit iron absorption. However, spinach can still contribute to overall iron intake. Beef is an excellent source of heme iron, which is easily absorbed by the body. Combining beef with spinach can help improve overall iron intake, despite the oxalates in spinach.
D. Fish, such as salmon or tuna, is a good source of heme iron, which is beneficial for increasing iron levels. Cottage cheese is a dairy product high in calcium, which can inhibit iron absorption if consumed in large amounts.

A. Urine output of175 mL in the past 8 hr B. First-voided urine in the morning has a strong odor C. Urine output of 2,200 mL in the past 24 hr D. Urine is cloudy after sitting in the urinal for 6 hr

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A urine output of 175 mL over 8 hours is significantly below normal, which is generally considered less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr in adults (the normal range is about 0.5-1.5 mL/kg/hr). Reduced urine output can be indicative of acute kidney injury or worsening renal function, and it needs prompt evaluation and intervention.
B. This finding is generally not urgent but could be noted. Strong-smelling urine, especially in the morning, may be due to concentration of waste products overnight or dietary factors. While it might suggest dehydration or infection, it is less immediately concerning than changes in urine output. If accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, fever, or changes in urine color, it might warrant further investigation.
C. This finding is typically within normal limits and may not need immediate reporting. Normal urine output is about 800-2,000 mL per day. An output of 2,200 mL is slightly elevated but still within the normal range, depending on fluid intake.
D. This finding is generally not urgent but worth noting. Cloudy urine can result from the presence of cells, bacteria, or other substances. It may become cloudy after standing due to the formation of crystals or precipitation of substances.

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A nurse is teaching a client about crutch walking using the three-point gait. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching?

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