A patient is in an urgent care center with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects which medication will be used for initial treatment.

A long-acting beta2 agonist such as salmeterol (Serevent)

A short-acting (rapid-acting) beta2 agonist such as Albuterol (Proventil)

A corticosteroid such as fluticasone (Flovent)

An anticholinergic such as ipratropium (Atrovent)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

During an acute asthma attack, the airways become narrowed and inflamed, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Short-acting beta2 agonists like Albuterol are the first-line medication for relieving acute asthma symptoms. They work by quickly relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, resulting in bronchodilation and improved airflow. Albuterol provides rapid relief of symptoms and is often administered via inhalation.
A. Long-acting beta2 agonists (e.g., salmeterol) are typically used as maintenance therapy for long-term control of asthma symptoms, rather than for immediate relief during an acute attack.
C. Corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone) are anti-inflammatory medications that are often prescribed for asthma, but they are more commonly used as part of a long-term management plan and may not provide immediate relief during an acute attack.
D. Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium) are sometimes used in combination with short-acting beta2 agonists for acute asthma exacerbations, but they are not typically the initial treatment choice for an acute asthma attack.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rebound congestion, also known as rhinitis medicamentosa, is a common adverse effect associated with the prolonged use of nasal decongestants. It occurs when the blood vessels in the nasal passages become dependent on the medication for constriction and lose their ability to regulate naturally. As a result, when the medication wears off, the nasal congestion worsens, leading to a cycle of continued use and worsening symptoms.

In this scenario, the patient's complaint of worsening nasal congestion despite using oxymetazoline every 2 to 4 hours for the past 5 days suggests the possibility of rebound congestion. The nurse should explain to the patient that prolonged or frequent use of nasal decongestants can lead to this effect and recommend gradually tapering off the medication use or discontinuing it altogether. The nurse may also suggest alternative non-medication strategies for managing nasal congestion, such as saline nasal sprays or steam inhalation.

A. Eat a high-fatty meal prior to taking medication B. Medication can be taken often and whenever he feels a cough is starting C. Swallow whole and do not bite or chew the medication D. Take medication with orange juice

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Benzonatate is available in capsule form (such as Tessalon Pearls), and it should be swallowed whole. It is important not to chew, crush, or break the capsules as this can cause adverse effects, including local anesthesia in the oral cavity, which can lead to choking or difficulty swallowing. Swallowing the capsule whole ensures that the medication is released properly in the stomach for the desired effect.

The other options mentioned are incorrect:
A. Eating a high-fat meal prior to taking medication: There is no specific requirement to eat a high-fat meal before taking Benzonatate. However, taking it with food or a glass of water may help with ease of swallowing.

B. Taking medication often and whenever a cough is starting: Benzonatate should be taken as directed by the healthcare provider. It is not recommended to take it more frequently or as needed, as it can lead to an overdose or unwanted side effects.

D. Taking medication with orange juice: There is no specific requirement to take Benzonatate with orange juice. It can be taken with water or other non-alcoholic beverages as directed by the healthcare provider.

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A patient is in an urgent care center with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects which medication will be used for initial treatment.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient complains of worsening nasal congestion despite the use of oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray every 2 to 4 hours for the past 5 days. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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