A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary valvular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?
Left heart failure
Low output failure
High output failure
Right heart failure
The Correct Answer is D
Elevated pulmonary valvular resistance refers to a condition where there is increased resistance to blood flow through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs. This can lead to an increase in pressure within the right ventricle of the heart, which can eventually lead to right heart failure.
Right heart failure occurs when the right ventricle of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, which can result in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention in the legs and abdomen. Causes of right heart failure include pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary embolism, and other conditions that increase pressure within the pulmonary circulation.
Left heart failure, on the other hand, occurs when the left ventricle of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, which can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention in the lungs and legs. Causes of left heart failure include coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease.
Low output failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, and can result from a variety of conditions affecting the heart muscle or heart valves. High output failure occurs when the heart is working harder than normal to meet the body's demands, such as in conditions such as hyperthyroidism or severe anemia
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, refers to high blood pressure that has no identifiable underlying cause. Risk factors for developing primary hypertension include a family history of hypertension, age, obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, stress, and certain dietary factors.
Specifically, diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for hypertension due to the effects of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia on the blood vessels, as well as the increased prevalence of obesity and other comorbidities. Moderate alcohol consumption (up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men) may actually have a protective effect against hypertension, but excessive alcohol intake can raise blood pressure and contribute to the development of hypertension.
Asian race is not a significant risk factor for primary hypertension, although there may be differences in the prevalence and severity of hypertension among different racial and ethnic groups.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The mitral and tricuspid valves are located between the atria and ventricles in the heart, and they open and close to allow blood to flow in one direction through the heart. During diastole, when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood, the mitral and tricuspid valves are open to allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.
Once the ventricles are filled with blood, they begin to contract during systole to pump the blood out to the lungs (right ventricle) and the rest of the body (left ventricle). As the ventricles contract, the pressure within them increases, which causes the mitral and tricuspid valves to be pushed closed by the blood within the ventricles. This closure prevents the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction (systole).
The chordae tendineae are thin, fibrous cords that connect the mitral and tricuspid valves to the papillary muscles within the ventricles. These structures help to anchor the valves in place during ventricular contraction, and prevent them from prolapsing (bulging back into the atria) and causing regurgitation (backflow of blood).
The trabeculae carneae are muscular ridges within the ventricles that help to increase the force of ventricular contraction, but they do not play a direct role in closing the mitral and tricuspid valves. Similarly, the reduced pressure in the atria during ventricular contraction is due to the fact that blood is being pumped out of the atria and into the ventricles, rather than the atria "pulling" the valves closed.
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