A patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by prerenal factors. Which of the following is most likely to have contributed to this condition?

Severe dehydration

Renal calculi

Polycystic kidney disease

Glomerulonephritis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

(A) Severe Dehydration: Prerenal AKI is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Dehydration leads to hypovolemia, reducing renal perfusion and causing AKI.

(B) Renal Calculi: Postrenal AKI, not prerenal.

(C) Polycystic Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease, not acute.

(D) Glomerulonephritis: Intrarenal AKI, due to direct kidney damage

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.

(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.

(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.

(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.

(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.

A. prevent constipation. B. minimize gingival hyperplasia. C. prevent recurrent chest pain D. reduce flushing.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Prevent constipation: Calcium channel blockers can cause constipation, but metoprolol does not prevent it.

(B) Minimize gingival hyperplasia: Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of calcium channel blockers, but metoprolol does not counteract it.

(C) Prevent recurrent chest pain: Nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia, which increases myocardial oxygen demand. Metoprolol (a beta-blocker) prevents this by slowing the heart rate and reducing myocardial workload, thereby preventing angina.

(D) Reduce flushing: Flushing is a side effect of nifedipine, but metoprolol is not used for this purpose.

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A patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by prerenal factors. Which of the following is most likely to have contributed to this condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

An Angina Pectoris patient begins taking nifedipine [Procardia] a calcium channel blocker, along with metoprolol, to treat hypertension. The nurse understands that metoprolol is used to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect in a patient with hypocalcemia?

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