A patient is complaining of a black large spot in the center of their vision.
The nurse determines this manifestation as central vision loss.
Which eye disorder below is consistent with this symptom?

Choice A rationale

An elliptical chest describes the typical shape of a healthy chest with a lateral dimension greater than the anteroposterior dimension. This shape allows for normal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing. An elliptical chest does not indicate any deformity or abnormality in the sternum or costal cartilage.

Choice B rationale

Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest, is a congenital deformity where the sternum and costal cartilage are sunken inward, creating a concave appearance of the chest. This condition can range in severity and may affect respiratory function and exercise tolerance in some individuals. Surgical correction may be considered for severe cases.

Choice C rationale

A standard chest describes a chest without any deformities or abnormalities, typically with a normal elliptical shape. This term does not denote any specific condition or configuration and implies a healthy, non-deformed chest.

Choice D rationale

Barrel chest is characterized by an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, giving it a round or barrel-like appearance. This condition is often seen in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or emphysema, where the lungs are chronically overinflated, causing the chest to expand and lose its normal shape.

Choice A rationale

Rhonchi are low-pitched, continuous breath sounds that are often indicative of secretions in the large airways. These sounds may change or clear with coughing, so the nurse should have the patient cough and then auscultate again to reassess the presence of rhonchi.

Choice B rationale

Wheezes are high-pitched, musical sounds heard primarily during expiration. They are caused by narrowed airways, typically due to asthma or other obstructive lung conditions. Wheezes do not usually clear with coughing and require specific treatments to address airway constriction.

Choice C rationale

Crackles are discontinuous, popping sounds heard during inspiration and are associated with fluid in the alveoli, such as in conditions like pneumonia or heart failure. Crackles are not typically cleared by coughing and may persist despite the patient's efforts to clear their airways.

Choice D rationale

Stridor is a high-pitched, harsh sound heard during inspiration, often indicating upper airway obstruction. Stridor is a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention to secure the airway. It does not clear with coughing and signifies a critical respiratory issue. .