A patient has local dilation of a blood vessel with weakening of its walls.
Which condition does this describe?

A. Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a gene, one inherited from each parent.

B. Recessive refers to an allele that only expresses its trait if two copies are present (homozygous), but this term does not describe the inheritance pattern itself.

C. Dominant refers to an allele that expresses its trait even if only one copy is present, but again, this term does not describe the inheritance pattern.

D. Homozygous describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents (e.g., AA or aa).

A. Heart failure is a common cause of pleural effusion because the heart's inability to pump effectively leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs and pleural space.

B. Severe pulmonary infection, such as pneumonia, can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to pleural effusion.

C. Pulmonary hypertension: While pulmonary hypertension can cause fluid overload and respiratory issues, it is not a direct cause of pleural effusion.

D. Collagen vascular disease COPD like lupus can cause pleural effusion, but COPD is typically associated with other lung issues like emphysema or chronic bronchitis, not directly with pleural effusion.

E. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that involves the destruction of alveoli but is not directly related to the development of pleural effusion.