A nurse suspects that a client who has diabetes mellitus is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following assessment findings supports this suspicion?

Kussmaul respirations

Increased urine output

Cool, clammy skin

Acetone breath

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. Cool, clammy skin is a common symptom of hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body's sympathetic nervous system is activated, causing sweating and cool, clammy skin as a response to the stress of low blood sugar.

A Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid, and labored breathing patterns that occur in response to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia. In hypoglycemia, the body typically responds with normal or shallow respirations.

B Increased urine output (polyuria) is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, where the kidneys try to excrete excess glucose through urine. Hypoglycemia typically does not cause increased urine output.

D. Acetone breath, which has a fruity odor, is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a condition caused by severe hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis. It is not a typical finding in hypoglycemia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. HbA1c is considered the gold standard for assessing long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. It provides an overall picture of how well blood sugar levels have been controlled over the preceding 2-3 months, helping healthcare providers adjust treatment plans as needed.

A Postprandial (after-meal) blood glucose levels indicate how well blood sugar levels are controlled after eating. While important for immediate assessment of glucose management after meals, it does not provide a comprehensive view of long-term glycemic control.

C. While fasting blood glucose levels are important in daily diabetes management, they do not provide the extended timeframe assessment that HbA1c does for long-term control.

D. OGTT results are not typically used to monitor long-term glycemic control in individuals with established diabetes mellitus. It assesses how the body responds to a glucose load and is not as practical or common for routine monitoring compared to HbA1c.

A. Elevation in blood pressure B. Adventitious breath sounds C. Respiratory rate of 24/min D. Weight loss of 1.8 kg (4 lb) in the past 24 hr

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. A weight loss of 1.8 kg (4 lb) in the past 24 hours indicates effective diuresis (urine output) and reduction in fluid volume, which is the therapeutic goal of furosemide in treating pulmonary edema.

A Furosemide is a loop diuretic that typically causes a decrease in blood pressure by promoting the excretion of excess fluid and sodium from the body.

B. Adventitious breath sounds such as crackles (rales) indicate the presence of fluid in the lungs, which is a characteristic finding in pulmonary edema.

C. A respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute is within normal range for an adult at rest. While this respiratory rate is not abnormal, it also does not directly indicate whether furosemide is effective in treating pulmonary edema.

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A nurse suspects that a client who has diabetes mellitus is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following assessment findings supports this suspicion?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and has been following a treatment plan for 3 months. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse monitor to determine long- term glycemic control?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is administering furosemide 80 mg PO twice daily to a client who has pulmonary edema. Which of the following assessment findings indicates to the nurse that the medication is effective?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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