A nurse should identify that which of the following factors is a protective factor that prevents adults from developing addictions?

A. “I have lost 15 pounds! I just don’t want to eat lately.”: Significant weight loss and a loss of appetite can indicate the development of a substance use disorder, as these symptoms may reflect the prioritization of alcohol consumption over proper nutrition. The client’s decreased interest in eating raises concerns about potential alcohol misuse or dependence.
B. “I have been hanging out with friends who are my support system.”: Engaging with a supportive social network is generally a positive indicator and can assist in recovery. Having supportive friends does not indicate a substance use disorder and may even help the client address their drinking behavior.
C. “I am so focused right now. I have a lot of goals.”: A focused and ambitious mindset reflects a positive attitude towards life and managing responsibilities. This perspective does not suggest substance use disorder and may indicate effective coping and life management, despite issues with alcohol.
D. “I am taking art lessons to relieve stress.”: Participating in art lessons demonstrates a constructive approach to managing stress through creativity. This behavior indicates healthy coping mechanisms and does not suggest a substance use disorder.

A. Lack of emotional expression: While affective flattening can occur in schizophrenia, it is not one of the core diagnostic criteria. Schizophrenia is characterized by a variety of symptoms, but the lack of emotional expression alone is not sufficient for diagnosis.
B. Impaired interpersonal relationships: Although individuals with schizophrenia may experience difficulties in relationships, this is a consequence of the disorder rather than a diagnostic criterion. The focus of the diagnosis is on specific symptomatic criteria.
C. Disorganized behavior: This symptom is included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Disorganized behavior can manifest as erratic or unpredictable actions that significantly impair functioning and are characteristic of the disorder.
D. Inability to initiate activities: While avolition (lack of motivation to initiate activities) is a symptom associated with schizophrenia, it is not explicitly listed as one of the primary diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. It may contribute to the overall picture of the disorder.
E. Hallucinations: Hallucinations, particularly auditory hallucinations, are one of the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia and are essential for diagnosis according to the DSM-5. The presence of hallucinations significantly impacts the individual's perception of reality.
F. Antisocial personality: Antisocial personality disorder is a separate diagnosis and not a symptom of schizophrenia. The presence of antisocial behavior does not align with the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.