A nurse manager is teaching a newly licensed nurse about pain management for an older adult client. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"Opioids should not be given to older adults."

"Pain perception is decreased in older adult clients."

"Older adults report pain less frequently than younger clients."

"Older adults require higher doses of pain medication."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:

A. "Opioids should not be given to older adults.": Opioids can be given to older adults when necessary, but with caution. The dose may need adjustment due to age-related changes in metabolism and increased sensitivity, not outright avoidance.

B. "Pain perception is decreased in older adult clients.": Pain perception does not decrease with age. Older adults may have conditions that affect communication or cognition, but their ability to feel pain remains intact, and they can still experience significant discomfort.

C. "Older adults report pain less frequently than younger clients.": Older adults often underreport pain due to beliefs that pain is a normal part of aging or fear of treatment consequences. This makes active assessment and trust-building essential in managing their pain effectively.

D. "Older adults require higher doses of pain medication.": Older adults typically require lower or more carefully titrated doses due to slower metabolism, decreased renal clearance, and heightened drug sensitivity, especially to central nervous system effects.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Anemia: End-stage kidney disease reduces erythropoietin production by the kidneys, which impairs red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. This often leads to normocytic, normochromic anemia in affected clients.

B. Oliguria: As kidney function declines, urine output diminishes. Oliguria, defined as urine output less than 400 mL/day, is a common clinical feature of advanced kidney failure due to decreased glomerular filtration.

C. Hypotension: Clients with end-stage kidney disease more commonly experience hypertension due to fluid overload and impaired renin-angiotensin-aldosterone regulation. Hypotension may occur during dialysis but is not a typical baseline finding.

D. Bradypnea: Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis in kidney disease typically results in tachypnea, not bradypnea. The body increases respiratory rate to blow off excess CO₂ and correct the acid-base imbalance.

E. Edema: Impaired fluid excretion leads to sodium and water retention, resulting in peripheral, facial, or pulmonary edema. This is a hallmark feature of volume overload in chronic kidney disease.

A. Sore throat B. Tinnitus C. Rhinitis D. Headache

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Sore throat: A sore throat may indicate agranulocytosis, a serious adverse effect of clozapine that results in dangerously low white blood cell counts. Early signs include fever, sore throat, and malaise. This requires immediate reporting and evaluation with a complete blood count.

B. Tinnitus: Tinnitus is not a known or common adverse effect of clozapine. While bothersome, it is not typically associated with the hematologic or metabolic risks posed by this antipsychotic medication.

C. Rhinitis: Although rhinitis can occur with many medications, it is not a serious or expected side effect of clozapine requiring urgent attention. Mild nasal symptoms are usually self-limiting and not indicative of life-threatening complications.

D. Headache: Headaches are common and nonspecific symptoms that may result from various causes. Unless severe or persistent, they do not typically indicate a dangerous reaction to clozapine and are not prioritized over signs of infection.

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A nurse manager is teaching a newly licensed nurse about pain management for an older adult client. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who is taking clozapine. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor and report to the provider?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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