A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has ADHD about methylphenidate. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

This medication might increase the amount of saliva your child produces.

Administer the medication at bedtime.

Your child might gain weight while taking this medication.

Restrict your child’s intake of caffeine while she is taking this medication.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is d. Restrict your child’s intake of caffeine while she is taking this medication.

Choice A Reason:

This statement is incorrect. Methylphenidate does not typically increase saliva production. In fact, it is more commonly associated with dry mouth as a side effect. Therefore, informing parents that the medication might increase saliva production would be misleading and not based on the known side effects of the drug.

Choice B Reason:

This statement is incorrect. Methylphenidate should generally be administered in the morning or early afternoon to avoid insomnia, as it is a stimulant and can interfere with sleep if taken too late in the day. Administering the medication at bedtime would likely cause sleep disturbances, which is counterproductive for managing ADHD symptoms.

Choice C Reason:

This statement is incorrect. Methylphenidate is more commonly associated with weight loss rather than weight gain. The medication can suppress appetite, leading to reduced food intake and potential weight loss. Therefore, it is important to monitor the child’s weight and nutritional intake while on the medication, but weight gain is not a typical concern.

Choice D Reason:

This statement is correct. Caffeine is a stimulant and can exacerbate the side effects of methylphenidate, such as increased heart rate, jitteriness, and anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to restrict the child’s intake of caffeine while taking this medication to avoid these potential interactions and side effects. This includes limiting consumption of caffeinated beverages like coffee, tea, and certain sodas.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason: 0.8 mEq/L

The therapeutic range for lithium is typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L. A level of 0.8 mEq/L falls within this range and is considered normal. Therefore, it is unlikely that a client with this lithium level would present with symptoms such as mental confusion, frequent urination, and coarse tremors. These symptoms are more indicative of lithium toxicity, which occurs at higher levels.

Choice B Reason: 2.3 mEq/L

A lithium level of 2.3 mEq/L is significantly above the therapeutic range and indicates lithium toxicity. Symptoms of lithium toxicity include mental confusion, frequent urination, and coarse tremors, which match the client’s presentation. Severe toxicity can occur at levels above 2.0 mEq/L and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Therefore, this is the most likely lithium level for the client described.

Choice C Reason: 1.8 mEq/L

A lithium level of 1.8 mEq/L is above the therapeutic range but below the level typically associated with severe toxicity. While some symptoms of toxicity might appear at this level, they are generally less severe than those described in the scenario. The client’s symptoms suggest a more severe level of toxicity, making this choice less likely.

Choice D Reason: 1.2 mEq/L

A lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L is at the upper limit of the therapeutic range. While it is possible for some mild side effects to occur at this level, the severe symptoms described (mental confusion, frequent urination, and coarse tremors) are more indicative of a higher, toxic level of lithium. Therefore, this choice is also less likely.

A. Puts the eye drops in a room with low lighting B. Washes their hands before placing the eye drops C. Uses the patient’s iris as a landmark for direct placement of the drop D. Puts the drop from inner to outer canthus E. Holds the upper eyelid open when placing the drop

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

b. Washes their hands before placing the eye drops

d. Puts the drop from inner to outer canthus

Explanation of Choices

Choice A Reason: Puts the Eye Drops in a Room with Low Lighting

Administering eye drops in a room with low lighting is not a recommended practice. Proper lighting is essential to ensure accurate placement of the drops and to avoid contamination or injury. Low lighting can make it difficult to see the eye and the dropper, increasing the risk of improper administration. Therefore, this action does not indicate correct performance of the skill.

Choice B Reason: Washes Their Hands Before Placing the Eye Drops

Washing hands before administering eye drops is a crucial step to prevent infection and contamination. Clean hands reduce the risk of transferring bacteria or other pathogens to the eye, which can cause infections or other complications. This action is a fundamental part of proper eye drop administration and indicates correct performance of the skill.

Choice C Reason: Uses the Patient’s Iris as a Landmark for Direct Placement of the Drop

Using the patient’s iris as a landmark for direct placement of the drop is incorrect. The proper technique involves pulling down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket (conjunctival sac) and placing the drop into this pocket. Directly aiming for the iris can cause discomfort and increase the risk of injury or contamination. Therefore, this action does not indicate correct performance of the skill.

Choice D Reason: Puts the Drop from Inner to Outer Canthus

Placing the drop from the inner to the outer canthus (corner of the eye) is a correct technique. This method helps ensure that the drop spreads evenly across the eye surface and reduces the risk of contamination. It also helps in preventing the dropper from touching the eye or eyelid, which can introduce bacteria. This action indicates correct performance of the skill.

Choice E Reason: Holds the Upper Eyelid Open When Placing the Drop

Holding the upper eyelid open when placing the drop is not the recommended technique. The proper method involves pulling down the lower eyelid to form a pocket and placing the drop into this pocket. Holding the upper eyelid open can cause discomfort and may not allow the drop to be placed accurately. Therefore, this action does not indicate correct performance of the skill.

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has ADHD about methylphenidate. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client prescribed lithium carbonate 300 mg twice daily a month ago comes to the Emergency Department with mental confusion, frequent urination in large amounts, and coarse tremors. Which lithium level would the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is observing a family member administer eye drops to the patient as part of medication teaching. Which action(s) indicate the family member is performing the skill correctly? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

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