A nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of medical conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system, when a student asks her about the cause of esophageal varices. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse when asked about a potential cause of esophageal varices?
"Obesity has been a known cause of esophageal varices"
"It is caused by smoking"
"It is caused by high blood pressure"
"It is caused by chronic liver disease"
The Correct Answer is D
A. While obesity can contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct cause of esophageal varices.
B. Smoking is harmful to overall health, but it is not specifically known to cause esophageal varices.
C. High blood pressure, especially systemic hypertension, is not a direct cause of esophageal varices. However, portal hypertension, which can be caused by liver disease, is the main factor in the development of esophageal varices.
D. Chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, leads to portal hypertension, which in turn causes the veins in the esophagus to become engorged and prone to bleeding, resulting in esophageal varices. This is the most appropriate cause for esophageal varices.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 3% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution used to treat severe hyponatremia and should not be used as a substitute for TPN.
B. Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution typically used for fluid resuscitation, but it lacks the necessary components (glucose, amino acids) that are found in TPN.
C. 0.9% sodium chloride is an isotonic saline solution and can be used for hydration, but it does not provide the calories and nutrients that the client is receiving through TPN.
D. Dextrose 10% in water is the best choice in this scenario. It provides glucose for energy and can help maintain blood sugar levels until the next TPN solution is available. It is commonly used as a temporary substitute for TPN to prevent hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A decrease in the white blood cell count toward normal levels indicates that the infection is responding to antibiotic treatment. A WBC count of 6000/μL is within the normal range for adults (usually 4,000–11,000/μL), which suggests that the body is no longer fighting a significant infection.
B. Bronchial breath sounds heard at the right base indicate consolidation, a sign of ongoing pneumonia or unresolved infection. This would suggest that the infection is not yet controlled, rather than an improvement.
C. Increased tactile fremitus indicates consolidation, which is commonly seen in pneumonia. It suggests that the infection is still present and has not resolved with treatment.
D. Green mucus can indicate the presence of purulent sputum and ongoing infection. Although the color of the mucus may change during the course of pneumonia, the presence of green mucus does not confirm that the infection is resolving, especially after three days of antibiotics.
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