A nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of medical conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system, when a student asks her about the cause of esophageal varices. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse when asked about a potential cause of esophageal varices?

"Obesity has been a known cause of esophageal varices"

"It is caused by smoking"

"It is caused by high blood pressure"

"It is caused by chronic liver disease"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While obesity can contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct cause of esophageal varices.
B. Smoking is harmful to overall health, but it is not specifically known to cause esophageal varices.
C. High blood pressure, especially systemic hypertension, is not a direct cause of esophageal varices. However, portal hypertension, which can be caused by liver disease, is the main factor in the development of esophageal varices.
D. Chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, leads to portal hypertension, which in turn causes the veins in the esophagus to become engorged and prone to bleeding, resulting in esophageal varices. This is the most appropriate cause for esophageal varices.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Night sweats are more commonly associated with conditions like tuberculosis or certain cancers, rather than pneumonia, although they could occasionally be seen in severe pneumonia.
B. Narrowed pulse pressure is not a typical sign of pneumonia and is more indicative of conditions such as shock or heart failure.
C. Confusion is a classic and often overlooked symptom of pneumonia in older adults. Pneumonia in this population can present with altered mental status or confusion rather than typical respiratory symptoms like cough and fever.
D. Bradycardia is not a typical finding in pneumonia. In fact, tachycardia (an increased heart rate) is more commonly seen as the body tries to compensate for the infection.

A. "I will try not to gain weight." B. "I will sleep with the head of my bed elevated." C. "I will drink less fluid." D. "I will consume less caffeine and fewer spicy foods." E. "I will lie down for one half hour after meals."

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Maintaining a healthy weight is important in managing a hiatal hernia. Excess weight can increase abdominal pressure, which may worsen symptoms of acid reflux.
B. Sleeping with the head of the bed elevated helps prevent acid reflux and symptoms of heartburn associated with a hiatal hernia. Elevation reduces the risk of stomach contents moving into the esophagus during sleep.
C. Drinking less fluid is not a necessary dietary change for hiatal hernia management. However, clients should avoid consuming large amounts of fluid with meals, as this may exacerbate reflux symptoms.
D. Consuming less caffeine and fewer spicy foods is appropriate because both can irritate the esophagus and increase acid reflux. Caffeine and spicy foods are known to trigger symptoms in individuals with a hiatal hernia.
E. Lying down for one-half hour after meals is not recommended for clients with a hiatal hernia, as it can worsen symptoms of reflux. The client should be advised to wait at least 2–3 hours before lying down after eating.

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A nurse is teaching student nurses about different types of medical conditions that affect the gastrointestinal system, when a student asks her about the cause of esophageal varices. What is an appropriate answer by the nurse when asked about a potential cause of esophageal varices?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a provider's office is assessing an older adult client whose son reports that the client has been sick with a respiratory illness for the past 6 days. Which of the following assessment findings is a manifestation of pneumonia in the older adult client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has a hiatal hernia about dietary recommendations. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia and a prescription for oxygen therapy at 6 L/min via nasal cannula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a client who has AIDS with recurring pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is instructing a client who has GERD about positions that can help minimize the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following statements indicates to the nurse that the client understands the instructions?

The nurse understands that the primary symptoms of a sliding hiatal hernia are associated with reflux. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client with a hiatal hernia for which of the following symptoms?