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A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about infection prevention at a community center. Which of the following statements by a client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

“I should take antibiotics when I have a virus.”

“I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted.”

“I should wash my hands for 10 seconds with hot water after working in the garden.”

“I can clean my cat’s litter box during my pregnancy.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is b. “I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted.”

Choice A rationale:

Statement: “I should take antibiotics when I have a virus.”
Rationale: This statement is incorrect. Antibiotics are medications that fight bacteria, not viruses. Taking antibiotics when you have a virus will not help you get better and can actually lead to antibiotic resistance.

Choice B rationale:

Statement: “I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted.”
Rationale: This statement is correct. Chickenpox is a highly contagious virus that is spread through the air by coughing and sneezing. However, a person with chickenpox is no longer contagious once all of the sores have crusted over. This typically happens about 5 days after the rash first appears.

Choice C rationale:

Statement: “I should wash my hands for 10 seconds with hot water after working in the garden.”
Rationale: This statement is partially correct. Handwashing is an important way to prevent the spread of infection. However, the water does not need to be hot. Warm or cold water is just as effective. It is also important to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds, not 10 seconds.

Choice D rationale:

Statement: “I can clean my cat’s litter box during my pregnancy.”
Rationale: This statement is incorrect. Cat feces can contain a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause a serious infection called toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis can be harmful to a developing baby. It is best to avoid cleaning cat litter boxes during pregnancy. If you must clean the litter box, wear gloves and wash your hands thoroughly afterwards.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because the retention port is a sterile site that can be accessed by a syringe to aspirate urine without contaminating the specimen or the closed drainage system. The retention port should be cleaned with an alcohol swab before inserting the syringe. The specimen should be transferred to a sterile container and labeled appropriately.
Choice A is wrong because unclamping the collection port below the bag would allow urine to flow out of the bag, which is not sterile and may contain bacteria or sediment.
Choice C is wrong because disconnecting the catheter from the collection tubing would break the closed drainage system and increase the risk of infection.
Choice D is wrong because using the balloon port to obtain the sterile specimen would deflate the balloon that holds the catheter in place and cause trauma to the bladder wall.
Normal ranges for urine characteristics vary depending on the type of analysis, but some general parameters are:
• Color: pale yellow to amber
• Clarity: clear or slightly cloudy
• Odor: faint aromatic
• pH: 4.5 to 8.0
• Specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030
• Protein: <150 mg/24 hr
• Glucose: negative
• Ketones: negative
• Blood: negative
• Nitrites: negative
• Leukocyte esterase: negative
• Bacteria: <10,000 CFU/mL

A. Educating clients about contraindications to specific immunizations. B. Using an electronic messaging system to remind clients when to take medications. C. Providing clients with information about the benefits of exercise. D. Helping clients understand health screenings covered by their insurance plans.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is choice b. Using an electronic messaging system to remind clients when to take medications.

Choice A rationale:

Educating clients about contraindications to specific immunizations is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease before it occurs.

Choice B rationale:

Using an electronic messaging system to remind clients when to take medications is an example of tertiary prevention. It helps manage an existing condition (HIV) by ensuring adherence to treatment, thereby preventing complications and improving quality of life.

Choice C rationale:

Providing clients with information about the benefits of exercise is generally considered primary prevention, as it aims to promote overall health and prevent disease.

Choice D rationale:

Helping clients understand health screenings covered by their insurance plans is an example of secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection and treatment of disease.

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A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about infection prevention at a community center. Which of the following statements by a client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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