A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about reducing the risk of needlestick injuries. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. An advance directive is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment, including end-of-life care. Asking the client if they have a copy of their advance directive is appropriate because it can provide valuable information about their wishes regarding medical interventions. It allows the nurse to review the document to ensure that the client's current wishes align with what is documented in their advance directive.
B. In most cases, a competent adult's healthcare decisions, including decisions to refuse treatment, are legally binding and cannot be overridden by family members. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about their rights and ensure that their wishes are respected. Family members may be involved in discussions and support the client's decisions, but they cannot override a competent adult's wishes regarding their medical care.
C. While it's important to involve family members in discussions about the client's wishes, especially if they are the client's designated healthcare proxy or legally authorized decision-maker, family agreement is not required for the client's decision to refuse life-saving measures. The nurse should primarily focus on the client's expressed wishes and ensure that these wishes are understood and respected.
D. The provider's agreement with the client's decision may be necessary to document and implement the plan of care accordingly, but ultimately, the decision to refuse treatment rests with the competent client. The nurse should facilitate communication between the client and the provider to ensure that the client's wishes are understood and documented appropriately.

A. This disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is transmitted via airborne particles. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus can be inhaled by others.

B. This bacterium causes severe diarrhea and colitis. It is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces or feces, not through the air.
C. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads through airborne transmission. The virus can linger in the air for up to two hours after an infected person coughs or sneezes.
D. This bacterium can cause various infections, including skin infections and pneumonia. It is mainly spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces, not through the air.
E. Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB is transmitted through airborne particles. When a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, the bacteria can be inhaled by others.