A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about physiological changes in the digestive system that occur with aging. The nurse should include older adults might experience which of the following physiological changes?
Increased muscle tone of the bowel
Decreased pH of the stomach
Decreased intestinal peristalsis
Increased gastric acid production
The Correct Answer is C
A. Increased muscle tone of the bowel: Aging generally leads to decreased muscle tone and motility in the bowel, not increased. This option is incorrect.
B. Decreased pH of the stomach: Aging is associated with a decrease in gastric acid production, leading to a higher (less acidic) pH, not a lower (more acidic) pH. This option is incorrect.
C. Decreased intestinal peristalsis: Aging commonly results in decreased intestinal peristalsis, which can lead to constipation and other digestive issues. This option is correct.
D. Increased gastric acid production: Older adults typically experience decreased gastric acid production, not an increase. This option is incorrect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactulose: Lactulose is used to reduce blood ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy, not to reduce potassium levels. It is not appropriate for treating hyperkalemia.
B. Sevelamer: Sevelamer is a phosphate binder used in clients with chronic kidney disease to lower serum phosphorus levels, not potassium. It is not appropriate for treating hyperkalemia.
C. Sodium polystyrene: Sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate) is a cation-exchange resin used to treat hyperkalemia. It works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine, promoting the excretion of potassium. This is the correct medication to administer for a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L.
D. Darbepoetin alfa: Darbepoetin alfa is a synthetic erythropoietin used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. It is not used to treat hyperkalemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Increase your daily fluid intake." Increasing fluid intake can help soften the stool, making it easier to pass and reducing constipation.
B. "Try to defecate at different times of the day." Establishing a regular time each day for bowel movements can help train the bowel and prevent constipation.
C. "Consume a low-fiber diet." A low-fiber diet can worsen constipation. A high-fiber diet is recommended to add bulk to the stool and promote regular bowel movements.
D. "Reduce your daily activity." Regular physical activity helps stimulate bowel motility and can reduce the likelihood of constipation.
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