A nurse is teaching a client about foods and beverages that can cause diarrhea. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer because paralytic ileus is a condition in which the intestinal motility is decreased or absent, resulting in the inability to pass gas or stool. It is a common complication of abdominal surgery, as the manipulation of the bowel can cause inflammation and nerve damage. The nurse should monitor the client for signs of bowel obstruction, such as abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and pain.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer because Clostridium difficile colitis is a condition in which the normal flora of the colon is disrupted by antibiotic therapy, allowing the overgrowth of a toxin-producing bacteria that causes inflammation and diarrhea. It is not a common complication of abdominal surgery, but rather a risk associated with prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic use.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer because constipation is a condition in which the stool is hard, dry, and difficult to pass. It is not a common complication of abdominal surgery, but rather a side effect of opioid analgesics, which can slow down the bowel movements. The nurse should encourage the client to increase fluid and fiber intake, and use stool softeners as prescribed.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer because fecal impaction is a condition in which a large mass of stool is stuck in the rectum, preventing the passage of gas or stool. It is not a common complication of abdominal surgery, but rather a result of chronic constipation, dehydration, or immobility. The nurse should assess the client for signs of impaction, such as abdominal cramping, rectal pressure, and leakage of liquid stool.

Choice A reason: Identification is a defense mechanism where the person adopts the characteristics or behaviors of someone else, usually someone more powerful or successful, to cope with feelings of inadequacy or insecurity.

Choice B reason: Denial is a defense mechanism where the person refuses to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation or a problem, to avoid dealing with the negative emotions or consequences.

Choice C reason: Displacement is a defense mechanism where the person transfers their feelings or impulses from the original source to a less threatening or more acceptable one, to reduce the anxiety or guilt.

Choice D reason: Rationalization is a defense mechanism where the person uses logical or plausible explanations to justify or excuse their actions or behaviors, to avoid facing the true motives or reasons.