A nurse is teaching a client who is at 20 weeks of gestation about how to manage heartburn.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Advocacy is a leadership role that helps others to self-actualize.

• A. Advocacy is a leadership role that helps others to self-actualize. This statement is true and reflects one of the core principles of advocacy, which is to empower others to achieve their full potential and exercise their rights and responsibilities. This choice is correct.
• B. Subordinates are advocates for the nurse manager. This statement is false and contradicts one of the core principles of advocacy, which is to act in the best interest of those who are vulnerable or oppressed, not those who are in positions of power or authority. This choice is incorrect.
• C. Advocacy encourages clients to rely on health care staff for decision-making. This statement is false and contradicts one of the core principles of advocacy, which is to respect and support clients' autonomy and self-determination, not to impose or influence their choices or actions. This choice is incorrect.
• D. Nurse managers should distrust people who expose inappropriate professional practices. This statement is false and contradicts one of the core principles of advocacy, which is to promote and uphold ethical standards and quality of care, not to conceal or ignore malpractice or misconduct. This choice is incorrect.

Choice A rationale:

Keeping a can of concentrated formula in the refrigerator for 3 days after opening it is not safe. Once a can of formula is opened, it should be used within 24 hours and stored in the refrigerator. After 24 hours, any leftover formula should be discarded to prevent the risk of bacterial contamination.

Choice B rationale:

Diluting ready-to-feed formula with water is incorrect. Ready-to-feed formula is already prepared and does not need to be diluted further. Adding water to ready-to-feed formula can dilute its nutritional content and may not provide the necessary nutrients for the baby.

Choice C rationale:

Boiling tap water for 2 minutes and cooling it before mixing it with powdered formula is the correct method for safe formula preparation. Boiling the water kills harmful bacteria and ensures the formula is safe for the baby to consume. It is essential to cool the boiled water before mixing it with powdered formula to reach an appropriate feeding temperature.

Choice D rationale:

Ensuring that all bottles contain BPA (bisphenol A) is not a relevant consideration for formula preparation. BPA is a chemical that was previously used in some plastics, including baby bottles, but has been banned in baby bottles and sippy cups in several countries due to its potential health risks. Most modern baby bottles are BPA-free, and this statement does not address the safe handling and preparation of formula for the baby.