A nurse is teaching a client who has a child with pertussis. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
A humidifier should be placed beside the child's bed
Household contacts will receive prophylactic antibiotics
Transmission will be prevented because of herd immunity
The child is most contagious after the rash develops
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: A humidifier should be placed beside the child's bed is not the information that the nurse should include, as it is not relevant to pertussis. Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a bacterial infection that causes severe coughing spells, difficulty breathing, and a characteristic whooping sound. A humidifier may help with other respiratory conditions, such as bronchitis or asthma, but it does not affect pertussis.
Choice B reason: Household contacts will receive prophylactic antibiotics is the information that the nurse should include, as it is an important measure to prevent the spread of pertussis. Pertussis is highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Household contacts, especially those who are not fully vaccinated or have a weakened immune system, are at risk of contracting pertussis from the child. Prophylactic antibiotics, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, can reduce the risk of infection and complications.
Choice C reason: Transmission will be prevented because of herd immunity is not the information that the nurse should include, as it is not true for pertussis. Herd immunity is the protection that occurs when a large proportion of the population is immune to a disease, either through vaccination or natural infection. Herd immunity can reduce the transmission of some diseases, such as measles or polio, but it is not effective for pertussis. This is because pertussis immunity wanes over time, and the current vaccines do not provide long-lasting protection. Therefore, even vaccinated people can get or spread pertussis.
Choice D reason: The child is most contagious after the rash develops is not the information that the nurse should include, as it is not true for pertussis. Pertussis does not cause a rash, unlike some other childhood diseases, such as measles or chickenpox. The child is most contagious during the first two weeks of the illness, when the symptoms are similar to a common cold. The coughing spells usually start after the first week and can last for several weeks or months.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Presenter's teaching strategies are not the factor that will have the greatest effect on the success of the class. Although the presenter should use effective and appropriate teaching methods that suit the learning objectives and outcomes, the teaching strategies alone cannot guarantee the success of the class if the client is not motivated to quit smoking.
Choice B reason: Presenter's credibility is not the factor that will have the greatest effect on the success of the class. Although the presenter should have the knowledge, skills, and experience to deliver the smoking cessation education, the presenter's credibility alone cannot ensure the success of the class if the client is not motivated to quit smoking.
Choice C reason: Client's motivation is the factor that will have the greatest effect on the success of the class. Motivation is the driving force that influences the client's behavior and actions. The client's motivation to quit smoking can be influenced by various factors, such as personal, social, environmental, or health-related reasons. The presenter should assess the client's motivation level, and use strategies to enhance and sustain it throughout the class.
Choice D reason: Client's education level is not the factor that will have the greatest effect on the success of the class. Although the presenter should consider the client's education level when designing and delivering the smoking cessation education, the client's education level alone cannot determine the success of the class if the client is not motivated to quit smoking.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: One dose of the immunization does not give children lifelong protection from hepatitis B. The immunization requires a series of three or four doses, depending on the vaccine type, to provide long-term immunity. The first dose is usually given at birth, followed by the second dose at 1 to 2 months of age, and the third dose at 6 to 18 months of age. Some children may need a fourth dose at 4 to 6 years of age.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis B does not spread easily among children through casual contact. Hepatitis B is a blood-borne infection that is transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth. Casual contact, such as hugging, kissing, or sharing food, does not pose a risk of transmission.
Choice C reason: Many people who acquire acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis is a condition where the infection persists for more than six months and causes inflammation and scarring of the liver. Chronic hepatitis can lead to serious complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer. About 90% of infants, 25% to 50% of children aged 1 to 5 years, and 5% to 10% of adults who get infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic hepatitis.
Choice D reason: People who have had a hepatitis B infection do not need the immunization. The immunization is only effective in preventing the infection, not treating it. People who have had a hepatitis B infection will develop natural immunity, which means they will not get infected again. However, they should still be monitored for any signs of liver damage or complications.
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