A nurse is teaching a class about Freud's psychosexual stages.
The nurse should instruct that fixation at the oral stage of development can lead to which of the following conditions?
Inability to form healthy relationships.
Feelings of shame.
Overeating.
Bedwetting.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale;
Inability to form healthy relationships: This is more commonly associated with fixation at the phallic stage.
Choice B rationale:
Feelings of shame are associated with Freud's psychosexual stages, particularly during the anal stage. Fixation at the oral stage is more likely to result in issues related to dependency and oral fixation, which may manifest as habits like nail-biting or smoking, rather than feelings of shame.
Choice C rationale:
According to Freud's psychosexual theory, fixation at the oral stage can lead to oral personality traits. These traits are often associated with oral activities like eating, drinking, smoking, and talking. Overeating is a common behavior linked to oral fixation, as it represents a seeking of oral gratification.
Choice D rationale:
Bedwetting is not typically associated with fixation at the oral stage of development. Bedwetting is more commonly linked to issues at the anal stage. In the oral stage, the fixation is primarily related to dependency and oral behaviors. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Increased sensitivity to touch is not typically an age-related change in older adults. In fact, older adults often experience a decrease in sensitivity due to factors like reduced skin elasticity and changes in nerve function.
Choice C rationale:
Increased peripheral vision is not a common age-related change. Visual changes in older adults usually involve decreased visual acuity, difficulties with night vision, and increased sensitivity to glare.
Choice D rationale:
An increase in the size of pupils is not an expected age-related change. Pupils may become smaller and react more sluggishly to changes in light in older adults, but a consistent increase in pupil size is not a common finding.
Choice B rationale:
An increase in cerumen in the ear canal is a common age-related change. Cerumen, or earwax, can accumulate more in older adults due to changes in the composition of earwax and slower migration of earwax out of the ear canal. It can lead to hearing difficulties and may need management. Moving on to the last question.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Decreased thickness of tympanic membranes is not a typical physiological change in older adults. Tympanic membranes tend to become thinner and less flexible with age, leading to increased susceptibility to damage, not decreased thickness.
Choice B rationale:
Decreased tinnitus is not a physiological change related to aging. Tinnitus can occur in individuals of all ages and is often associated with various factors such as exposure to loud noises, ear infections, or underlying medical conditions.
Choice C rationale:
Decreased ear wax is not a typical physiological change in older adults. In fact, older adults may experience increased production of earwax, which can lead to hearing problems if not managed appropriately.
Choice D rationale:
Decreased ability to hear high-frequency sounds is a common physiological change in older adult clients. This change, known as presbycusis, is characterized by a reduced ability to hear high-pitched sounds due to changes in the inner ear, including damage to hair cells and changes in the auditory nerves. Presbycusis is a well-documented and expected age-related change in hearing.
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