A nurse is caring for a client who has phantom limb pain.
The nurse should identify the client is experiencing which type of pain?

Choice A rationale:

When caring for a client at the end of life who is unresponsive, it is essential to maintain a compassionate and supportive presence. Continuing to talk to the client as if they are awake is a respectful and therapeutic approach. Even though the client may not respond verbally, they may still be able to hear and sense the presence of their loved ones and the healthcare team. This communication can provide comfort and reassurance.

Choice B rationale:

Limiting the client's visitors to one at a time is a reasonable consideration, as it can help reduce potential overwhelm and maintain a calm environment. However, this choice should be based on the client's and family's preferences. Some clients and families may prefer to have multiple visitors present for support and companionship during this difficult time.

Choice C rationale:

Avoiding touching the client is not recommended when caring for an unresponsive client at the end of life. Physical touch, when gentle and respectful, can convey comfort and support. The nurse should be sensitive to the client's preferences and the family's wishes regarding physical contact.

Choice D rationale:

Whispering when talking in the client's room is not necessary. While it's important to maintain a quiet and peaceful environment, speaking in a normal tone is appropriate. The client may still be able to hear and may find comfort in the familiar voices of their loved ones and the healthcare team. .

Choice A rationale:

Abstract thinking develops during Piaget's formal operational stage, not the preoperational stage. The preoperational stage is characterized by symbolic thinking and egocentrism but lacks the ability for abstract thought.

Choice B rationale:

Concrete operational thinking is focused on logical and systematic thinking related to concrete objects and events, and it does not involve abstract thinking. Abstract thinking, including hypothetical and deductive reasoning, is a feature of the formal operational stage.

Choice C rationale:

Abstract thinking and formal operational thought develop during Piaget's formal operational stage, which typically begins in adolescence and continues into adulthood. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically, solve complex problems, and consider abstract concepts.

Choice D rationale:

The sensorimotor stage is the earliest stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and it is primarily concerned with sensory and motor exploration. Abstract thinking is not a component of this stage. .