A nurse is taking care of a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion. Which of the following will keep cerebral perfusion pressure constant?
Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain
Regulation of catecholamines circulating throughout the body
Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled
Regulation of how much blood is pumped from the heart
The Correct Answer is A
A. The constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain helps maintain appropriate cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) despite fluctuations in blood pressure.
B. Catecholamines regulate other systemic body functions, but they do not directly impact cerebral perfusion pressure.
C. Carbon dioxide exhalation can affect blood flow, but the primary regulation of CPP is through blood vessel constriction and dilation.
D. The amount of blood pumped from the heart can impact overall blood pressure but does not directly regulate cerebral perfusion pressure.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Avoid friction over scaly lesions while bathing is generally good advice, but it is not the primary focus in this situation.
B. Eliminate the use of products containing salicylic acid is not necessary unless the client has a known sensitivity or reaction to it, as salicylic acid is commonly used to treat psoriasis.
C. Maintain occlusive dressings on the lesions throughout the day and remove them at bedtime is not typically recommended for psoriasis, as it can exacerbate the condition or increase irritation. Topical treatments, if prescribed, should be used as directed.
D. Psoriasis is often exacerbated by stress. Therefore, teaching the client effective stress reduction techniques (e.g., meditation, deep breathing, yoga) can help in managing flare-ups.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker used for blood pressure management, not for decreasing ICP.
B. Dopamine is used for shock or hypotension but does not address ICP.
C. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to decrease ICP by drawing fluid out of the brain and reducing swelling.
D. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent seizures, but it does not directly affect ICP.
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