A nurse is studying the differences between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information is included in this?

Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.

Benign tumors typically grow in the wrong place or at the wrong time.

Benign tumors grow through invasion of other tissue.

The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is referred to as anaplasia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice B rationale:
Benign tumors typically grow in the wrong place or at the wrong time. This is a key distinguishing feature of benign tumors compared to normal cells. Normal cells have precise mechanisms that control their growth, ensuring they divide and multiply only when and where they are needed. Benign tumors, however, have disruptions in these regulatory mechanisms, leading to abnormal growth patterns. This means they may grow in locations where they don't belong or continue to grow even when they are no longer needed.
Here's a detailed explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
Choice A:
Benign tumors have not lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition. Contact inhibition is a process that stops normal cells from growing when they come into contact with other cells. Benign tumors still maintain this ability, which helps to limit their growth and prevent them from spreading to other tissues.
Choice C:
Benign tumors do not grow through invasion of other tissue. Invasion is a hallmark feature of malignant tumors (cancers). Benign tumors, on the other hand, typically grow as encapsulated masses, meaning they are surrounded by a well-defined border that separates them from surrounding tissues. They do not infiltrate or invade surrounding structures.
Choice D:
Anaplasia refers to the loss of differentiation and resemblance to the parent cells, which is a characteristic of malignant tumors, not benign tumors. Benign tumors still maintain a degree of differentiation, meaning they retain some of the characteristics of the normal cells from which they originated.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale for Choice A:
While it's important for the primary healthcare provider to be informed about the CD4+ results, it's not the first action the nurse should take. The priority is to implement appropriate infection control measures to protect the patient, other patients, and healthcare staff.
CD4+ cell count is a crucial indicator of the patient's immune status. A count of 180/mm is significantly low, suggesting a weakened immune system and increased vulnerability to infections. However, informing the provider alone doesn't directly address the immediate need for infection control.
Rationale for Choice B:
Airborne Precautions are specifically used for patients with known or suspected airborne infections, such as tuberculosis, measles, or varicella. These precautions involve the use of negative pressure rooms and N95 respirators.
In this case, the patient's TB skin test was negative, indicating no evidence of active tuberculosis infection. Implementing Airborne Precautions unnecessarily could lead to excessive resource utilization and potential stigmatization of the patient.
Rationale for Choice C:
Droplet Precautions are used for patients with infections that can be spread through large respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pertussis, or meningococcal meningitis. These precautions involve the use of masks and eye protection.
While the patient's symptoms of fever, night sweats, and severe cough could be consistent with a droplet-spread infection, there's no definitive evidence to support this at the present time. Initiating Droplet Precautions without a clear indication could also lead to unnecessary resource use and potential anxiety for the patient.
Rationale for Choice D:
Standard Precautions are the foundation of infection control and should be used for all patients, regardless of their known or suspected infection status. These precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when indicated, and safe handling of sharps and bodily fluids.

By implementing Standard Precautions, the nurse can effectively minimize the risk of transmission of pathogens, protecting both the patient and other individuals in the healthcare setting. This is the most appropriate first action to ensure a safe and appropriate level of care.

A. The patient has gained 2 lb (1 kg) in a month. B. The patient consumes 90% of meals and snacks. C. The patient chooses high-protein food. D. The patient reports decreased oral discomfort.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Weight gain is the most objective and reliable indicator of improved nutritional status in patients with HIV-II and wasting syndrome. It directly reflects an increase in lean body mass, which is essential for restoring physical strength, immune function, and overall health.
A weight gain of 2 lb (1 kg) in a month is considered a clinically significant improvement for this patient population. It demonstrates that the patient is consuming more calories than they are expending, leading to a positive energy balance and tissue growth.
Other assessment findings, such as food intake, food choices, and oral discomfort, can be subjective and influenced by various factors, such as appetite, taste changes, nausea, fatigue, and psychosocial issues. While they provide valuable information about the patient's nutritional status, they do not directly measure the actual improvement in body composition.
Choice B rationale:
Consuming 90% of meals and snacks is a positive sign that the patient is adhering to their dietary recommendations. However, it does not guarantee that they are consuming enough calories to promote weight gain. The patient's individual energy needs and the nutritional content of the meals and snacks must be considered.
Choice C rationale:
Choosing high-protein foods is important for building and repairing tissues, but it does not ensure adequate overall caloric intake. The patient may still be experiencing a calorie deficit if they are not consuming enough total calories, even if they are focusing on protein-rich foods.
Choice D rationale:
Decreased oral discomfort can facilitate better food intake, but it does not directly reflect weight gain or improved nutritional status. The patient may still have challenges with appetite, nausea, or other factors that hinder their ability to consume enough calories.

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A nurse is studying the differences between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information is included in this?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient diagnosed with HIV-II is admitted to the hospital presenting symptoms of fever, night sweats, and a severe cough. The laboratory results show a CD4+ cell count of 180/mm and a negative tuberculosis (TB) skin test conducted 4 days prior. What is the first action the nurse should take?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient diagnosed with HIV-II and wasting syndrome is suffering from inadequate nutrition. What assessment finding by the nurse would best indicate that the goals have been met for this patient’s problem?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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