A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a toddler who has moderate dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Decreased hematocrit

Increased respiratory rate

Decreased heart rate

Increased platelet count

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decreased hematocrit: Hematocrit usually increases in dehydration due to the concentration of red blood cells in a smaller volume of plasma.

B. Increased respiratory rate: Dehydration can lead to tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased blood volume and maintain oxygen delivery.

C. Decreased heart rate: Dehydration typically causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body tries to maintain adequate blood circulation and pressure.

D. Increased platelet count: Dehydration does not typically affect platelet count significantly, though it may concentrate blood components, including platelets, making them appear elevated on a lab test.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Initiate droplet precautions. Pertussis (whooping cough) is transmitted via respiratory droplets. Droplet precautions are necessary to prevent the spread of the disease through coughs or sneezes.

B. Initiate a protective environment. A protective environment is used for patients with severe immunocompromised conditions to protect them from infections, not to prevent the spread of respiratory infections like pertussis.

C. Initiate contact precautions. Contact precautions are used for infections spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment, such as MRSA. Pertussis is spread by droplets, not by contact.

D. Initiate airborne precautions. Airborne precautions are for diseases that are spread through airborne particles, such as tuberculosis or measles. Pertussis is not airborne but spread through larger respiratory droplets.

A. "My parents treat me like a baby sometimes." B. "There's a pimple on my face, and I worry that everyone will notice it." C. "I start taking ibuprofen a few days before my period starts." D. "None of the kids at my school like me, and I don't like them either."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "My parents treat me like a baby sometimes." This statement reflects a common adolescent feeling of striving for independence and experiencing frustration when treated as a child. It is a normal part of adolescent development and not a cause for immediate concern.

B. "There's a pimple on my face, and I worry that everyone will notice it." Concern about appearance is typical for adolescents due to the increased focus on body image and peer perception. This statement is a normal expression of adolescent self-consciousness.

C. ``I start taking ibuprofen a few days before my period starts." Using ibuprofen preemptively for menstrual cramps is a reasonable self-care practice for adolescents experiencing menstrual discomfort. This statement does not indicate any immediate health concern.

D. "None of the kids at my school like me, and I don't like them either." This statement indicates social isolation and potential issues with peer relationships, which can be a red flag for emotional distress or depression. It may suggest that the adolescent is experiencing significant difficulties in their social life that could lead to more serious mental health concerns.

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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a toddler who has moderate dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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