A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a toddler who has moderate dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Decreased hematocrit
Increased respiratory rate
Decreased heart rate
Increased platelet count
The Correct Answer is B
A. Decreased hematocrit: Hematocrit usually increases in dehydration due to the concentration of red blood cells in a smaller volume of plasma.
B. Increased respiratory rate: Dehydration can lead to tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased blood volume and maintain oxygen delivery.
C. Decreased heart rate: Dehydration typically causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body tries to maintain adequate blood circulation and pressure.
D. Increased platelet count: Dehydration does not typically affect platelet count significantly, though it may concentrate blood components, including platelets, making them appear elevated on a lab test.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Absent plantar reflexes: This is not typically associated with DDH. DDH affects the hip joint's formation, not reflexes.
B. Inwardly turned foot on the affected side: This finding is more indicative of conditions like clubfoot, not DDH.
C. Asymmetric thigh folds: This is a common finding in DDH. The folds may appear uneven due to the displacement of the femoral head.
D. Lengthened thigh on the affected side: In DDH, the thigh on the affected side may actually appear shorter, not longer, due to hip dislocation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Avoid a diet consisting of primarily milk. Milk, especially cow’s milk, is low in iron and can inhibit iron absorption. Excessive milk consumption can also lead to iron deficiency anemia by displacing iron-rich foods from the diet and potentially causing gastrointestinal bleeding in infants. Limiting milk intake and ensuring a balanced diet can help prevent iron deficiency.
B. Include whole grains and legumes in the diet. Whole grains and legumes are good sources of nonheme iron, which is beneficial for preventing iron deficiency anemia. While this is a good dietary recommendation, infants might not consume enough of these foods to meet their iron needs without additional sources or supplements.
C. Administer fat-soluble vitamins daily. Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are not directly related to preventing iron deficiency anemia. They are important for other aspects of health, but they do not address iron intake or absorption.
D. Limit intake of high-protein foods. Rationale: High-protein foods like meat are often rich in heme iron, which is easily absorbed and important for preventing anaemia. Limiting these foods would not be beneficial and might even contribute to anemia.
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