A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a toddler who has moderate dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Decreased hematocrit

Increased respiratory rate

Decreased heart rate

Increased platelet count

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decreased hematocrit: Hematocrit usually increases in dehydration due to the concentration of red blood cells in a smaller volume of plasma.

B. Increased respiratory rate: Dehydration can lead to tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased blood volume and maintain oxygen delivery.

C. Decreased heart rate: Dehydration typically causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body tries to maintain adequate blood circulation and pressure.

D. Increased platelet count: Dehydration does not typically affect platelet count significantly, though it may concentrate blood components, including platelets, making them appear elevated on a lab test.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Supine: Lying on the back can limit lung expansion and is not the best position for a child with respiratory issues. It can contribute to atelectasis and does not facilitate effective breathing.

B. Prone: The prone position can improve oxygenation and ventilation, particularly in severe respiratory distress, but it may not be the most comfortable or practical for all patients, especially in a non-ICU setting.

C. Upright: Sitting upright or in a high Fowler's position is optimal for lung expansion. It facilitates easier breathing and helps the lungs expand more fully, allowing for better oxygenation.

D. Side-lying: Side-lying may be comfortable but does not provide as much benefit for lung expansion as the upright position. It is less effective in promoting maximal lung expansion compared to the upright position.

A. Keep the client's leg in a dependent position. B. Use a hair dryer on a hot setting to dry the cast. C. Discourage the client from ambulating. D. Perform a neurovascular check of the lower extremities.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Keep the client's leg in a dependent position. Keeping the leg in a dependent position can increase swelling and delay healing. The leg should be elevated to reduce swelling and promote circulation.

B. Use a hair dryer on a hot setting to dry the cast. Using a hair dryer on a hot setting can cause burns and does not effectively dry a plaster cast. Plaster casts take time to dry and should be air-dried naturally.

C. Discourage the client from ambulating: Early mobilization is encouraged to prevent complications like muscle atrophy and joint stiffness, as long as it is safe and the healthcare provider has approved it. Completely discouraging ambulation is not generally recommended unless specified by a doctor.

D. Perform a neurovascular check of the lower extremities. Neurovascular checks are essential to ensure that there is adequate blood flow and nerve function below the cast. This includes checking for pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, and paralysis (the 5 P’s). This helps detect complications like compartment syndrome or decreased circulation early.

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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a toddler who has moderate dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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