A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 34 mm Hg and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by low levels of carbon dioxide
(PaCO2) in the blood and an elevated pH. The ABG results in DKA show a low pH, ruling out respiratory alkalosis.
B.   Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high bicarbonate (HCO3) levels and an elevated pH. The ABG results in DKA show low bicarbonate levels, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
C.   Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3) levels. The ABG results in DKA demonstrate both low pH and low bicarbonate levels, consistent with metabolic acidosis.
D.   Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by high carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels and low pH. The ABG results in DKA show a normal or slightly decreased PaCO2, ruling out respiratory acidosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is the correct answer. Seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes can be indicative of status epilepticus, a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
B. Restraint during a seizure can cause injury to the child and is not recommended. Instead, it's important to ensure the child's safety by removing nearby objects and gently guiding them to the floor if possible.
C. Offering a bubble bath every evening is not relevant to seizure care and does not contribute to the child's safety or well-being.
D. Placing the child in a prone position during a seizure can obstruct the airway and increase the risk of aspiration. The child should be placed in a lateral recumbent position to maintain an open airway and prevent injury.

A. Children whose parents have college degrees B. Children who were born after 38 weeks of gestation C. Children whose parents are married D. Children who live in crowded homes

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Children whose parents have college degrees may have more access to resources and support systems, potentially reducing the risk of physical abuse.
B. Children who were born after 38 weeks of gestation do not inherently have an increased risk of physical abuse based solely on gestational age at birth.
C. Children whose parents are married may have more stability in their family environment, potentially reducing the risk of physical abuse.
D. Children who live in crowded homes may experience increased stress and tension, leading to a higher risk of physical abuse due to the potential for conflict and limited space.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 34 mm Hg and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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Correct Answer is D

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