A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has Cushing's disease. The nurse should expect the client to have an increase in which of the following laboratory values?
Serum calcium level
Lymphocyte count
Serum glucose level
Serum potassium level
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Serum calcium level: Cushing’s disease does not typically cause elevated calcium levels. Calcium levels are usually normal unless there is an underlying bone disorder or concurrent condition affecting calcium metabolism.
B. Lymphocyte count: Cortisol excess in Cushing’s disease suppresses the immune system, leading to lymphopenia rather than an increased lymphocyte count. A decreased lymphocyte count is more consistent with the disease process.
C. Serum glucose level: Elevated cortisol levels increase gluconeogenesis and decrease glucose uptake by cells, resulting in hyperglycemia. Clients with Cushing’s disease often exhibit elevated blood glucose as a direct effect of excess cortisol.
D. Serum potassium level: Cortisol has mineralocorticoid activity, promoting potassium excretion by the kidneys. As a result, clients with Cushing’s disease commonly have hypokalemia rather than increased serum potassium levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Evaluate why the client was not ambulated.: The first step in addressing a missed delegated task is to assess the reason it was not completed. Understanding whether barriers were related to the AP, client condition, workload, or communication helps the nurse plan corrective action and prevents recurrence.
B. Ambulate the client on behalf of the AP.: While ensuring the client’s needs are met is important, jumping straight to performing the task bypasses assessment of the underlying issue. Immediate action may address the symptom but not the cause of the missed delegation.
C. Supervise the AP performing the task.: Supervision is appropriate for ongoing tasks but is not the first action once a task has already been missed. The nurse must first determine why the task was not completed before implementing supervision.
D. Remind the AP of her assigned tasks.: Reminding the AP without assessing why the task was missed does not address potential systemic or situational barriers. It may be necessary later but is not the initial step in problem resolution.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Provide information about stress management.: Stress is a major trigger for vasospastic episodes in Raynaud’s disease because it increases sympathetic nervous system activity, causing further arterial constriction. Stress-reduction techniques such as deep breathing, biofeedback, or relaxation exercises helps reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.
B. Administer epinephrine for acute episodes.: Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, which would worsen Raynaud’s symptoms by further reducing blood flow to the extremities. During an acute episode, warming the affected areas and avoiding additional vasoconstrictors is essential. Epinephrine is not indicated as a treatment and can intensify ischemic discomfort
C. Maintain a cool temperature in the client's room.: Cold temperatures are one of the most common triggers for vasospasm in Raynaud’s disease. A cool environment increase the likelihood of an episode by promoting peripheral vasoconstriction. The nurse should provide a warm environment and encourage protective clothing to maintain circulation.
D. Give a glucocorticoid steroid twice per day.: Steroids are not a standard treatment for Raynaud’s because the condition is related to vasospasm rather than inflammatory processes. Routine steroid use would expose the client to unnecessary adverse effects without addressing the underlying problem. Management strategies focus instead on warmth, lifestyle modification, and vasodilator medications when needed.
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