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A nurse is reviewing the differences between placenta previa and abruptio placentae with a group of nursing students. Which of the following statements accurately differentiates placenta previa from abruptio placentae?

"Placenta previa usually results in a higher risk of maternal hypertension, while abruptio placentae is commonly associated with a low-risk pregnancy."

"Placenta previa is characterized by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and uterine tenderness, while abruptio placentae is associated with painless bleeding."

"Placenta previa typically presents with severe pain and contractions, whereas abruptio placentae involves painless bleeding without contractions."

"Placenta previa involves the placenta partially or completely covering the cervix, whereas abruptio placentae involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Placenta previa usually results in a higher risk of maternal hypertension, while abruptio placentae is commonly associated with a low-risk pregnancy.
This is incorrect because abruptio placentae, not placenta previa, is associated with maternal hypertension (e.g., preeclampsia, chronic hypertension). Placenta previa is not related to blood pressure issues.

B. "Placenta previa is characterized by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and uterine tenderness, while abruptio placentae is associated with painless bleeding."
This is incorrect because placenta previa presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding, while abruptio placentae causes sudden, severe abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, and possibly dark red bleeding.

C. "Placenta previa typically presents with severe pain and contractions, whereas abruptio placentae involves painless bleeding without contractions."
This is incorrect because placenta previa does not cause pain or contractions. In contrast, abruptio placentae often presents with painful contractions and uterine hypertonicity.

D. "Placenta previa involves the placenta partially or completely covering the cervix, whereas abruptio placentae involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall."
Placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the cervix (partial or complete), leading to bleeding. Abruptio placentae occurs when the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall, which can lead to hemorrhage and fetal distress.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client's vaginal pH may increase during menopause – During menopause, estrogen levels decrease, leading to a higher vaginal pH. This disrupts the normal vaginal flora, making the client more susceptible to infections and irritation.

B. The client's dietary habits and fluid intake – While nutrition and hydration affect overall health, they are not the primary cause of menopausal vaginal symptoms and infections.

C. The client's genitourinary disorder will be alleviated over time – Without treatment (e.g., vaginal estrogen therapy or lubricants), menopausal atrophic changes usually persist or worsen, rather than resolve over time.

D. The client's history of sexually transmitted infections – While STIs can cause vaginal discomfort, the client’s symptoms are more likely due to menopausal changes rather than a past history of STIs.

A. Presence of late decelerations with each contraction during monitoring B. Increased fetal movement between contractions C. Fetal heart rate of 160 beats per minute with moderate variability D. Fetal heart rate consistently below 120 beats per minute with no accelerations

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Presence of late decelerations with each contraction during monitoring."
Late decelerations indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, which can lead to fetal hypoxia and distress. This is not a reassuring sign.

B. "Increased fetal movement between contractions."
While fetal movement is a positive sign, it is not the best indicator of fetal well-being in labor. Continuous FHR monitoring provides a better assessment.

C. "Fetal heart rate of 160 beats per minute with moderate variability."
A normal fetal heart rate (FHR) is 110–160 bpm, and moderate variability (6–25 bpm fluctuations) indicates a well-oxygenated fetus with an intact autonomic nervous system.

D. "Fetal heart rate consistently below 120 beats per minute with no accelerations."
A persistent FHR below 110 bpm (bradycardia) or minimal variability suggests possible fetal compromise.

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A nurse is reviewing the differences between placenta previa and abruptio placentae with a group of nursing students. Which of the following statements accurately differentiates placenta previa from abruptio placentae?

Nursing Test Bank

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