A nurse is reviewing medication records for several clients who have bipolar disorder. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications are used to treat clients who have bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.)
Lithium
Carbamazepine
Valproate (Valproic acid or Divalproex sodium)
Paroxetine
Donepezil
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
A. Lithium: Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps to control mood swings and prevent the recurrence of manic and depressive episodes.
B. Carbamazepine: Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication that has been found effective in managing mood swings in bipolar disorder. It can help stabilize mood and prevent manic episodes.
C. Valproate (Valproic acid or Divalproex sodium): Valproate is another anticonvulsant medication that is used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. It can help control manic and mixed episodes.
The following options are not used to treat bipolar disorder:
D. Paroxetine: SSRIs, including paroxetine, carry a risk of inducing mania or hypomania in individuals with bipolar disorder. This risk is why these medications are usually avoided or used cautiously, always in conjunction with a mood stabilizer like lithium, valproate, or atypical antipsychotics. Before initiating paroxetine, it’s crucial that the client is stabilized with a mood stabilizer to minimize the risk of mood switching (i.e., moving from depression to mania or hypomania).
E. Donepezil: Donepezil is a medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. It is not used to treat bipolar disorder.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "There really isn't much you can do about that until you are discharged." - This response dismisses the client's feelings and does not offer any support.
B. "You should call your boss and ask if you can have your job back." - This response is directive and may not address the client's emotional needs.
C. "You must feel very concerned and disappointed by that information."
This response shows empathy and acknowledges the client's feelings without making judgments or offering solutions. It validates the client's emotions and opens up a supportive space for further discussion.
D. "I don't understand why your partner would upset you with news like that." - This response may be perceived as judgmental and does not show empathy or understanding.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Fine hand tremors and pill rolling are not indicative of tardive dyskinesia. These symptoms are more commonly associated with other neurological or movement disorders.
B. Urinary retention and constipation:
Urinary retention and constipation are not symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. These symptoms are more related to anticholinergic effects of certain medications.
C. Facial grimacing and eye blinking:
Facial grimacing and repetitive, involuntary movements such as eye blinking are characteristic of tardive dyskinesia. These abnormal movements of the face and eyes are commonly seen in individuals who have been on long-term antipsychotic medications, especially older ones like haloperidol.
D. Involuntary pelvic rocking and hip thrusting movements:
TD often includes repetitive, purposeless movements of the limbs, trunk, and pelvis.
E. Tongue thrusting and lip-smacking:
Tongue thrusting and lip-smacking are classic symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. These repetitive, involuntary movements involving the mouth and tongue are often observed in individuals who have been on antipsychotic medications for an extended period of time.
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