A nurse is reviewing medication records for several clients who have bipolar disorder. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications are used to treat clients who have bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Lithium

Carbamazepine

Valproate (Valproic acid or Divalproex sodium)

Paroxetine

Donepezil

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Lithium: Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps to control mood swings and prevent the recurrence of manic and depressive episodes.

B. Carbamazepine: Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication that has been found effective in managing mood swings in bipolar disorder. It can help stabilize mood and prevent manic episodes.

C. Valproate (Valproic acid or Divalproex sodium): Valproate is another anticonvulsant medication that is used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. It can help control manic and mixed episodes.

The following options are not used to treat bipolar disorder:

D. Paroxetine: SSRIs, including paroxetine, carry a risk of inducing mania or hypomania in individuals with bipolar disorder. This risk is why these medications are usually avoided or used cautiously, always in conjunction with a mood stabilizer like lithium, valproate, or atypical antipsychotics. Before initiating paroxetine, it’s crucial that the client is stabilized with a mood stabilizer to minimize the risk of mood switching (i.e., moving from depression to mania or hypomania).

E. Donepezil: Donepezil is a medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. It is not used to treat bipolar disorder.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Hyperactivity: While some individuals with eating disorders may engage in excessive physical activity as a form of compensatory behavior, hyperactivity is not a consistent and universal manifestation.

B. Amenorrhea: Adolescents with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, often experience amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods) due to hormonal imbalances and low body weight.

C. Verbalized desire to gain weight: Individuals with eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, often express a strong desire to lose weight rather than gain weight, which contributes to their restrictive eating habits.

D. Altered body image: Eating disorders are often associated with distorted body image, where individuals perceive themselves as overweight or larger than they actually are, even if they are underweight.

E. Bradycardia: Severe malnutrition, as seen in eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, can lead to bradycardia (slow heart rate) as the body conserves energy in response to the low caloric intake.

A. The partner has placed locks at the top of the doors leading to the outside. B. The partner has hired a house cleaner. C. The partner has lost 20 lb in the past 2 months. D. The partner redirects the client when the client is frustrated.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The partner has placed locks at the top of the doors leading to the outside:

Explanation: Placing locks at the top of doors leading outside is a safety measure to prevent the person with Alzheimer's disease from wandering or getting lost. While this does show that the partner is taking proactive steps to ensure the client's safety, it is not necessarily indicative of caregiver role strain.

B. The partner has hired a house cleaner:

Explanation: Hiring a house cleaner can be a sign of caregiver role strain. Caregivers often become overwhelmed with the responsibilities of caring for a person with Alzheimer's disease, and hiring help for household tasks can be an indication that they are finding it challenging to manage everything on their own.

C. The partner has lost 20 lb in the past 2 months:

Explanation: Rapid weight loss can be a sign of caregiver stress or burnout. The emotional and physical demands of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease can lead to neglect of one's own well-being, including proper nutrition and self-care.

D. The partner redirects the client when the client is frustrated:

Explanation: While redirecting the client when they're frustrated shows that the partner is using appropriate strategies to manage challenging behaviors associated with Alzheimer's disease, this observation doesn't necessarily indicate caregiver role strain.

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A nurse is reviewing medication records for several clients who have bipolar disorder. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications are used to treat clients who have bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is making a home visit to a client who has Alzheimer's disease and the client's partner. Which of the following observations indicates to the nurse that the partner is experiencing caregiver role strain?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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