A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following blood gas values should the nurse expect?

pH 7.48 (7.35 to 7.45) PaCO 32 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg). HC0 24 mg (22 to 25 mEq/L)

pH 7.36 (7:35 to 7.45) PaCO 38 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg. HCO 25 mEq/L (22 to 26 mEq/L)

pH 7.46 (7.35 to 7.45) PaCO 36 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg)HCO 29 mEq/L (22 to 25 mEq/L)

pH 7.26 (7.35 to 7.45). Paco; 35 mm Hg (35 to 45 min Hg HCD 18 mEq/L (22 to 26 mEq/L)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 32 mm Hg, HCO₃ 24 mEq/L: The elevated pH indicates alkalosis, but HCO₃ is within normal limits. This pattern suggests respiratory alkalosis with compensatory changes rather than metabolic alkalosis.

B. pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 38 mm Hg, HCO₃ 25 mEq/L: These values are within normal limits, indicating acid-base balance. They do not reflect metabolic alkalosis and would not explain clinical signs of alkalemia.

C. pH 7.46, PaCO₂ 36 mm Hg, HCO₃ 29 mEq/L: The elevated pH indicates alkalosis, and the increased HCO₃ identifies a metabolic origin. The PaCO₂ is near normal, suggesting minimal respiratory compensation, which is consistent with metabolic alkalosis.

D. pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 35 mm Hg, HCO₃ 18 mEq/L: The low pH and low HCO₃ indicate metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis. These values are inconsistent with the expected findings for metabolic alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Droplet precautions: Droplet precautions are used for infections transmitted by large respiratory droplets, such as influenza or pertussis. Herpes simplex is not spread through respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are not necessary.

B. Protective environment: A protective environment is designed to protect immunocompromised clients from acquiring infections. It is not used for clients who are infectious, such as those with herpes simplex.

C. Contact precautions: Herpes simplex virus is transmitted via direct contact with lesions or infected bodily fluids. Contact precautions, including wearing gloves and gowns and proper hand hygiene, prevent transmission to healthcare workers and other clients.

D. Airborne precautions: Airborne precautions are reserved for infections transmitted via small droplet nuclei, such as tuberculosis or measles. Herpes simplex does not spread through the airborne route, so these precautions are unnecessary.

A. "We can accept verbal consent unless the surgical procedure is an emergency" B. "You can sign the informed consent form after the provider explains the pros and cons of the procedure” C. “A family member must witness your signature on the informed consent form." D. "We require informed consent for all routine treatments.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. “We can accept verbal consent unless the surgical procedure is an emergency”: Verbal consent is generally insufficient for surgical procedures except in true emergencies when the client is unable to consent. Surgical informed consent typically requires written documentation to meet legal and ethical standards.

B. “You can sign the informed consent form after the provider explains the pros and cons of the procedure”: Informed consent requires that the provider explain the nature of the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives before the client signs. The nurse’s role is to reinforce understanding and verify that the consent is given voluntarily.

C. “A family member must witness your signature on the informed consent form.”: A family member is not required to witness informed consent. A nurse or authorized healthcare staff may serve as a witness to the client’s signature, confirming that it was signed voluntarily.

D. “We require informed consent for all routine treatments.”: Routine treatments and nursing care generally fall under implied consent. Formal informed consent is required for invasive procedures, surgeries, and treatments with significant risk, not for all routine care.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following blood gas values should the nurse expect?

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