A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of untreated chronic kidney disease?

Potassium 3.3 mEq/L. hemoglobin 14.1 g/dL, creatinine 0.8 mg/dL

BUN 5 mg/dL, potassium 4.8 mEq/L, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL

Potassium 5.4 mEq/L. hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL, creatinine 4.6 mg/dl.

Potassium 4.5 mEq/L, BUN 18 mg/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   These values are within normal ranges.
B.   BUN is low, but potassium and creatinine are within normal ranges.
C.   Elevated potassium (hyperkalemia), low hemoglobin (anemia), and elevated creatinine are all classic signs of chronic kidney disease.
D.   BUN and creatinine are slightly elevated, but not to a level indicative of chronic kidney disease. Potassium is within normal range.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It is not appropriate for managing CKD directly and is generally avoided in patients with kidney impairment due to its potential nephrotoxicity.
B. Potassium supplements are typically not recommended unless there is a documented deficiency in potassium. In stage 3a CKD, managing potassium levels is crucial, but supplements are not usually needed unless potassium levels are low.
C. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. ACE inhibitors are beneficial for patients with CKD as they help lower blood pressure and provide renal protective effects. They can reduce proteinuria (protein in urine), which is common in CKD, and may slow the progression of kidney disease.
D. Metformin is an oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose levels. Although it is important to monitor blood glucose in CKD patients, this
client’s fasting blood glucose is within normal range (83 mg/dL), so Metformin is not indicated unless there was evidence of diabetes or significant glucose dysregulation.

A. Green Beans B. Apples C. Orange juice D. Avocado

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. Green beans are relatively low in potassium compared to other foods. While they do contain potassium, it is not in particularly high amounts. Therefore, they are generally considered safe in moderate amounts for individuals with CKD, but should still be monitored as part of a potassium- restricted diet.
B. Apples are low in potassium compared to many other fruits. They can be a good option for those needing to restrict potassium intake.
C. A typical serving of orange juice can contain a significant amount of potassium, which can contribute to elevated potassium levels in CKD patients. It should be limited or avoided to manage potassium intake effectively.
D. Avocados are high in potassium. A single avocado contains a substantial amount of potassium, making it a food that should be limited or avoided in a potassium-restricted diet for individuals with CKD.
E. Onions are relatively low in potassium and can be used in moderation by individuals with CKD. They are not typically a major concern for potassium restriction.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of untreated chronic kidney disease?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following are high-potassium foods which the client should avoid? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A client with chronic kidney disease is receiving epoetin alfa. Which laboratory result would indicate a therapeutic effect of the medication?

A nurse is admitting a client who has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Considering the most common cause of this condition, which test should the nurse anticipate will be performed?

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A client with rapidly progressing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) asks about the possibility of a kidney transplant. In responding to the client, the nurse understands that which of the following is a contraindication for receiving a kidney transplant?

A client with acute kidney injury (AKI) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes that administering IV calcium gluconate to this client will result in which of the following effects?

Which of the following clients is at risk of developing acute kidney injury from a post-renal cause?

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