A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of dementia. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Dementia is often caused by a sudden change in environment."

“The manifestations of dementia are progressive and irreversible."

“Dementia is characterized by a sudden onset over a few hours or days."

"An altered level of consciousness is associated with dementia."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Dementia is not typically caused by sudden environmental changes. Instead, it is a chronic condition that develops gradually over time due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or Lewy body dementia.
B.   Dementia is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and reasoning skills. The progression of dementia is typically slow and leads to worsening symptoms over time. Currently, most types of dementia are considered irreversible, meaning that the damage to the brain is not reversible and the condition will continue to progress.
C.   Dementia is a progressive condition that develops gradually, often over months or years. It is not characterized by a sudden onset. Sudden onset of cognitive symptoms is more indicative of delirium, which can be caused by acute medical conditions or other factors.
D.   Dementia generally does not involve an altered level of consciousness. Instead, it primarily affects cognitive functions such as memory, reasoning, and orientation while consciousness remains clear.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Antihypertensives are medications used to manage high blood pressure. Alprazolam is not used for managing blood pressure and does not belong to this category.
B. Antipsychotics are medications used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Alprazolam is not used to treat psychosis and does not fall under this category.
C. Antidepressants are used to treat depression and include classes such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Alprazolam is not used primarily to treat depression and is not classified as an antidepressant.
D. Alprazolam is classified as a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are a class of medications that work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.

A. Compensation B. Rationalization C. Regression D. Projection

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Compensation involves offsetting perceived deficiencies by excelling in other areas. The patient claiming weight gain is due to fluid retention is not trying to make up for a perceived weakness or deficiency; instead, they are explaining their behavior in a way that deflects responsibility.
B. Rationalization is a defense mechanism where a person provides logical or reasonable-sounding explanations for behaviors or situations that are actually motivated by irrational or emotional factors. In this case, the patient who overeats is rationalizing their weight gain by attributing it to fluid retention rather than addressing the underlying issue of overeating. This allows them to avoid facing the real cause of their weight gain.
C. Regression involves reverting to earlier stages of development or behavior when faced with stress. For instance, an adult might act childishly when under pressure. The patient in this scenario is not behaving in a more immature or childlike manner but is rather giving an excuse for their behavior.
D. Projection involves attributing one's own undesirable thoughts or feelings to others. For example, someone who is untrustworthy might accuse others of being untrustworthy. The patient in this scenario is not attributing their own issues to others but is offering an excuse for their own behavior.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of dementia. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Alprazolam is classified as a medication in which of the following drug classes?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

When the patient who overeats insists that weight gain is related to retained fluids, the nurse recognizes the patient is using which defense mechanism?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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