A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about physiological changes in the digestive system that occur with aging. The nurse should include that older adults might experience which of the following physiological changes?
Decreased intestinal peristalsis
Decreased pH of the stomach
Increased muscle tone of the bowel
Increased gastric acid production
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: With aging, there is a slight slowing in the movement of contents through the large intestine and a modest decrease in the contractions of the rectum when filled with stool, leading to decreased intestinal peristalsis.
Choice B reason: Aging does not typically result in a decreased pH of the stomach. Instead, conditions that decrease acid secretion, such as atrophic gastritis, become more common with age.
Choice C reason: Increased muscle tone of the bowel is not a change associated with aging. In fact, muscle tone may decrease, contributing to issues such as constipation.
Choice D reason: Increased gastric acid production is not a typical physiological change with aging. The secretion of stomach juices such as acid and pepsin has little effect on aging, although conditions that decrease acid secretion become more common.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Having the client place their head between their knees may help with some causes of hyperventilation, but it is not a standard treatment for respiratory alkalosis.
Choice B reason: Having the client breathe into a paper bag can help to rebreathe exhaled carbon dioxide, which can
help correct the low carbon dioxide levels seen in respiratory alkalosis.
Choice C reason: Insulin is not indicated for respiratory alkalosis as it is used for the management of hyperglycemia, not for correcting acid-base imbalances.
Choice D reason: Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis, and could
exacerbate the alkalosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hypokalemia, as potassium is crucial for muscle function and nerve signals that stimulate muscle contractions.
Choice B reason: Cerebral edema is not a typical manifestation of hypokalemia. It is more commonly associated with other conditions such as brain injury or disease.
Choice C reason: Hypertension is generally not a direct result of hypokalemia. In fact, low potassium levels can sometimes lead to lower blood pressure.
Choice D reason: Hyperactive bowel sounds are not specifically associated with hypokalemia. Diarrhea can cause fluid loss leading to hypokalemia, but the condition itself does not cause hyperactive bowel sounds.
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