A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about physiological changes in the digestive system that occur with aging. The nurse should include that older adults might experience which of the following physiological changes?
Decreased intestinal peristalsis
Decreased pH of the stomach
Increased muscle tone of the bowel
Increased gastric acid production
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: With aging, there is a slight slowing in the movement of contents through the large intestine and a modest decrease in the contractions of the rectum when filled with stool, leading to decreased intestinal peristalsis.
Choice B reason: Aging does not typically result in a decreased pH of the stomach. Instead, conditions that decrease acid secretion, such as atrophic gastritis, become more common with age.
Choice C reason: Increased muscle tone of the bowel is not a change associated with aging. In fact, muscle tone may decrease, contributing to issues such as constipation.
Choice D reason: Increased gastric acid production is not a typical physiological change with aging. The secretion of stomach juices such as acid and pepsin has little effect on aging, although conditions that decrease acid secretion become more common.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not commonly associated with COPD. It occurs when there is an accumulation
of bicarbonate or a loss of hydrogen ions.
Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis is a common acid-base imbalance in clients with COPD. It occurs due to the retention of CO2 as a result of reduced respiratory function.
Choice C reason: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in serum bicarbonate and is not typically a direct
result of COPD.
Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is a decrease in CO2 levels, which is the opposite of what is expected in COPD.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: An IV infusion of dextrose 10% in water can cause hyperglycemia, which is an elevated blood sugar
level.
Choice B reason: Hypovolemia, or decreased blood volume, is not a typical adverse effect of dextrose infusion.
Choice C reason: Hypercalcemia, or high calcium levels in the blood, is not associated with dextrose infusion.
Choice D reason: While dextrose infusion can affect electrolyte balance, hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not
the primary concern with dextrose infusion.
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