A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about physiological changes in the digestive system that occur with aging. The nurse should include that older adults might experience which of the following physiological changes?
Decreased intestinal peristalsis
Decreased pH of the stomach
Increased muscle tone of the bowel
Increased gastric acid production
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: With aging, there is a slight slowing in the movement of contents through the large intestine and a modest decrease in the contractions of the rectum when filled with stool, leading to decreased intestinal peristalsis.
Choice B reason: Aging does not typically result in a decreased pH of the stomach. Instead, conditions that decrease acid secretion, such as atrophic gastritis, become more common with age.
Choice C reason: Increased muscle tone of the bowel is not a change associated with aging. In fact, muscle tone may decrease, contributing to issues such as constipation.
Choice D reason: Increased gastric acid production is not a typical physiological change with aging. The secretion of stomach juices such as acid and pepsin has little effect on aging, although conditions that decrease acid secretion become more common.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Magnesium is important for many processes in the body, including nerve transmission and the regulation of muscle contractions, but it is not primarily used for oxygen transport.
Choice B reason: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. The normal range for iron in the blood is typically 50 to 170 micrograms per deciliter for men and 65 to 165 micrograms per deciliter for women.
Choice C reason: Potassium is crucial for heart function and plays a key role in skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, making it important for normal digestive and muscular function, but not directly for oxygen transport.
Choice D reason: Phosphorus helps form bones and teeth and is involved in the body's utilization of carbohydrates and fats, as well as the synthesis of protein for the growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues, but it does not transport oxygen.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Granola may contain ingredients like nuts and dried fruits that are high in potassium, which is not
suitable for a low potassium diet.
Choice B reason: Many salt substitutes contain potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride, and using them can increase potassium intake, which is not recommended for a client on a low potassium diet.
Choice C reason: Molasses is high in potassium, so replacing sugar with molasses when baking would not be
appropriate for someone on a low potassium diet.
Choice D reason: Orange juice is high in potassium compared to apple juice, making it an unsuitable choice for
someone on a low potassium diet.
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