A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about physiological changes in the digestive system that occur with aging. The nurse should include that older adults might experience which of the following physiological changes?
Decreased intestinal peristalsis
Decreased pH of the stomach
Increased muscle tone of the bowel
Increased gastric acid production
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: With aging, there is a slight slowing in the movement of contents through the large intestine and a modest decrease in the contractions of the rectum when filled with stool, leading to decreased intestinal peristalsis.
Choice B reason: Aging does not typically result in a decreased pH of the stomach. Instead, conditions that decrease acid secretion, such as atrophic gastritis, become more common with age.
Choice C reason: Increased muscle tone of the bowel is not a change associated with aging. In fact, muscle tone may decrease, contributing to issues such as constipation.
Choice D reason: Increased gastric acid production is not a typical physiological change with aging. The secretion of stomach juices such as acid and pepsin has little effect on aging, although conditions that decrease acid secretion become more common.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Warm water should be used to clean the skin, as hot water can cause further irritation.
Choice B reason: Friction should be avoided when drying the skin to prevent damage. The skin should be patted dry
gently.
Choice C reason: Soap can be too harsh and drying for the skin, especially if it is already compromised by incontinence. A mild, pH-balanced cleanser is recommended.
Choice D reason: A barrier cream is essential to protect the skin from moisture and irritants found in urine, which can lead to skin breakdown and incontinence-associated dermatitis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Substernal retractions are not typically associated with pleural effusion; they are more indicative of conditions causing increased work of breathing.
Choice B reason: Crackles are usually heard in conditions like pneumonia or heart failure, but not typically in isolated pleural effusion unless it is associated with other lung conditions.
Choice C reason: Crepitus is generally associated with subcutaneous emphysema when air is present in the
subcutaneous tissue and is not a common finding in pleural effusion.
Choice D reason: Dullness on percussion over the lung fields is a classic finding in pleural effusion due to the presence of fluid in the pleural space.
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