A nurse is assisting with evaluating a newly licensed nurse who is draining an ileostomy bag for a client. Which of the

following actions by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the procedure?

Choice A reason: Decreased bowel sounds are not typically associated with diarrhea. Diarrhea usually presents with
increased bowel sounds due to hyperactive gastrointestinal motility.

Choice B reason: A rigid abdomen may suggest an acute abdomen that requires immediate medical attention, not a common finding in uncomplicated cases of diarrhea.

Choice C reason: Hypothermia is not a common finding in diarrhea. Fever may occur if the diarrhea is infectious in
origin.

Choice D reason: Dehydration is a common finding in patients with prolonged diarrhea due to excessive loss of fluids
and electrolytes.

Choice A reason: A pleural friction rub is associated with conditions that cause pleural inflammation, such as pleuritis or pneumonia, rather than Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). While patients with COPD may experience other abnormal lung sounds like wheezing or crackles, pleural friction rubs are not typically a feature of COPD.

Choice B reason: Peripheral edema is a common finding in clients with advanced COPD, particularly in those who develop right-sided heart failure (also known as cor pulmonale). The prolonged hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension that often accompany COPD can put additional strain on the right side of the heart, leading to fluid retention and swelling in the extremities. This is a typical finding in later stages of COPD.

Choice C reason: Spoon nails (koilonychia) are typically associated with iron deficiency anemia or other conditions affecting the circulatory system. Although COPD is a chronic respiratory condition that can impact oxygenation, spoon nails are not commonly associated with COPD. This condition is more commonly seen in anemia or other nutritional deficiencies.

Choice D reason:

Hyperresonance on percussion is a typical finding in COPD, especially in those with emphysema, where air trapping occurs. This is due to the destruction of lung tissue and the over-inflation of alveoli, which creates a more resonant sound when the chest is percussed. This finding indicates the presence of hyperinflated lungs, a hallmark of emphysema and a common component of COPD.