A nurse is providing teaching to a guardian of a child who has ADHD.
Which of the following strategies should the nurse suggest to improve the child's ability to concentrate?

Choice A rationale

A color-coded wristband, such as yellow, serves as a visual cue to all healthcare staff that a client has an increased risk of falling. This system promotes a universal understanding of the client's needs, allowing all members of the care team to implement appropriate fall prevention measures proactively and consistently, such as providing assistance with ambulation or frequent rounding.

Choice B rationale

The use of physical restraints, such as a restraint around the waist, is a last resort and requires a provider's order. It is not considered a primary fall prevention strategy. Restraints can increase a client's risk of injury and are associated with negative outcomes, including agitation, skin breakdown, and loss of muscle mass. Fall prevention strategies focus on proactive, non-restrictive interventions.

Choice C rationale

Storing personal items in a bathroom, especially on a high shelf, creates a significant fall hazard. The client may overreach or stand on a stool to retrieve items, increasing their risk of losing balance. To prevent falls, all personal items should be kept within easy reach of the client, such as on the bedside table, to minimize unnecessary movement.

Choice D rationale

While keeping some light on is helpful, having overhead lights on at all times can cause glare and create shadows that distort depth perception. This can make it difficult for a client with vision impairments to see potential obstacles. A low-level nightlight is a safer alternative for nighttime visibility, as it minimizes glare and helps maintain a normal sleep-wake cycle. *.

Choice A rationale

A healthcare surrogate, or proxy, is a person designated by the patient themselves through a legal document called a durable power of attorney for healthcare. The provider's role is to provide medical care, not to make legal decisions for the patient. The patient retains the autonomy to choose who will make decisions for them when they are unable to do so. This is a fundamental principle of patient self-determination and legal rights.

Choice B rationale

A patient's competency can fluctuate. In situations of temporary incapacity, such as during a surgical procedure with anesthesia or a period of severe illness, a health care surrogate may make decisions. However, once the patient regains competency and is able to make informed decisions for themselves, they automatically resume control of their health care. This is a core tenet of patient autonomy and the purpose of advance directives.

Choice C rationale

A healthcare surrogate does not have to be a family member. The person designated by the patient can be a friend, a partner, or any trusted individual. The only requirement is that the surrogate is an adult who is willing and able to make healthcare decisions on the patient's behalf. It is a legal designation, not a familial one, that is based on the patient's trust and personal wishes.

Choice D rationale

A provider is legally and ethically obligated to follow a patient's wishes as outlined in their advance directives, as long as those wishes are within the bounds of standard medical practice and are not medically futile. To go against a patient's documented wishes would be a violation of patient autonomy and a breach of the legal protections afforded by advance directives.