A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day.
Increase intake of refined carbohydrates.
Consume foods that are high in calcium.
Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The standard DASH diet limits sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams per day, which is about the amount of sodium in 1 teaspoon of table salt¹. A lower sodium version of DASH restricts sodium to 1,500 milligrams per day, which may lower blood pressure even further¹. Therefore, limiting sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day is not consistent with the DASH diet.
Choice B reason: The DASH diet recommends eating fewer refined carbohydrates and less sugar, as they can increase blood pressure and cholesterol levels². Instead, the DASH diet emphasizes eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, which are rich in fiber, potassium, calcium, and magnesium².
Choice C reason: The DASH diet encourages consuming foods that are high in calcium, such as fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, beans, and nuts¹. Calcium is a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and supports bone health³. Studies have shown that increasing calcium intake can lower blood pressure in people with hypertension³.
Choice D reason: The DASH diet advises limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils¹. Saturated fat can raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The DASH diet recommends consuming no more than six percent of total calories from saturated fat¹.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Positioning the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding can help prevent the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. This position allows gravity to keep the food in the stomach and reduces the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. The nurse should instruct the parent to keep the newborn in this position for at least 30 minutes after each feeding.
Choice B reason: Diluting formula with 1 tablespoon of water is not recommended, as it can cause water intoxication, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition in the newborn. Water intoxication can lead to seizures, coma, and death. The nurse should advise the parent to follow the manufacturer's instructions for preparing the formula and not to add extra water.
Choice C reason: Placing the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting is not a safe practice, as it can increase the risk of aspiration and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Aspiration is when food or liquid enters the lungs and causes pneumonia or respiratory distress. SIDS is when a healthy baby dies suddenly and unexpectedly during sleep. The nurse should instruct the parent to place the newborn on the back for sleeping and to avoid soft bedding, pillows, and stuffed animals.
Choice D reason: Providing a small feeding just before bedtime is not a good idea, as it can worsen the gastroesophageal reflux and disrupt the newborn's sleep. The nurse should suggest the parent to feed the newborn smaller and more frequent meals throughout the day and to avoid feeding the newborn within 2 to 3 hours of bedtime.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The client should not replace salt with soy sauce, as soy sauce is not kosher. Soy sauce is made from fermented soybeans and wheat, which are not allowed in a kosher diet. The client should use kosher salt or other kosher seasonings instead.
Choice B reason: The client's primary vegetables should not be squash and corn, as they are not considered kosher. Squash and corn are classified as kitniyot, which are legumes, grains, seeds, and other plant products that are not allowed in a kosher diet. The client should eat more leafy greens, root vegetables, and fruits, which are kosher.
Choice C reason: The client can eat meat and nondairy margarine together, as they are both kosher. Nondairy margarine is made from vegetable oils, which are pareve, meaning they are neither meat nor dairy. The client should avoid eating meat and dairy products together, as they are not kosher.
Choice D reason: The client does not need to use their right hand when eating food, as this is not a requirement of a kosher diet. This is a practice of some Muslims, who believe that the right hand is for eating and the left hand is for cleaning. The client should follow the rules of kashrut, which are the Jewish laws of kosher food.
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