A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day.
Increase intake of refined carbohydrates.
Consume foods that are high in calcium.
Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The standard DASH diet limits sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams per day, which is about the amount of sodium in 1 teaspoon of table salt¹. A lower sodium version of DASH restricts sodium to 1,500 milligrams per day, which may lower blood pressure even further¹. Therefore, limiting sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day is not consistent with the DASH diet.
Choice B reason: The DASH diet recommends eating fewer refined carbohydrates and less sugar, as they can increase blood pressure and cholesterol levels². Instead, the DASH diet emphasizes eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, which are rich in fiber, potassium, calcium, and magnesium².
Choice C reason: The DASH diet encourages consuming foods that are high in calcium, such as fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, beans, and nuts¹. Calcium is a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and supports bone health³. Studies have shown that increasing calcium intake can lower blood pressure in people with hypertension³.
Choice D reason: The DASH diet advises limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils¹. Saturated fat can raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The DASH diet recommends consuming no more than six percent of total calories from saturated fat¹.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Administering antiemetics following the meal is not an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Antiemetics are medications that prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, which can interfere with oral intake and hydration. However, antiemetics should be given before the meal, not after, to reduce the likelihood of postprandial nausea and vomiting. ¹²
Choice B reason: Providing mouth care before feeding is an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Mouth care can improve the client's appetite, taste, and comfort, as well as prevent oral infections and dental problems that can affect food intake. ³⁴
Choice C reason: Assessing for pain prior to mealtime is an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Pain can reduce the client's appetite, mood, and ability to eat comfortably. The nurse should assess the client's pain level and provide adequate pain relief before offering food. ⁵⁶
Choice D reason: Removing the bedpan from the client's sight is an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. The presence of a bedpan or other unpleasant stimuli can cause the client to lose appetite, feel nauseated, or associate food with negative emotions. The nurse should create a pleasant and comfortable environment for the client to eat. ⁷⁸
Choice E reason: Discouraging snacks between meals is not an appropriate action for a client who is at risk for malnutrition. Snacks can provide additional calories, protein, and micronutrients that the client may not get from regular meals. Snacks can also help prevent hunger, fatigue, and hypoglycemia between meals. The nurse should encourage the client to have healthy snacks that are high in energy and nutrient density.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased cholesterol is not an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. The nurse should expect the client's cholesterol level to decrease as a result of the weight loss program, as it can lower the production and absorption of cholesterol in the body.
Choice B reason: Increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is not an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is a measure of the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. The nurse should expect the client's HbA1c level to decrease as a result of the weight loss program, as it can improve the insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism of the body.
Choice C reason: Increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is not an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is the "bad" cholesterol that can accumulate in the arteries and cause atherosclerosis. The nurse should expect the client's LDL level to decrease as a result of the weight loss program, as it can reduce the synthesis and secretion of LDL in the liver.
Choice D reason: Increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is the "good" cholesterol that can remove excess cholesterol from the blood and transport it to the liver for excretion. The nurse should expect the client's HDL level to increase as a result of the weight loss program, as it can enhance the activity and expression of HDL in the body.
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