A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day.
Increase intake of refined carbohydrates.
Consume foods that are high in calcium.
Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The standard DASH diet limits sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams per day, which is about the amount of sodium in 1 teaspoon of table salt¹. A lower sodium version of DASH restricts sodium to 1,500 milligrams per day, which may lower blood pressure even further¹. Therefore, limiting sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day is not consistent with the DASH diet.
Choice B reason: The DASH diet recommends eating fewer refined carbohydrates and less sugar, as they can increase blood pressure and cholesterol levels². Instead, the DASH diet emphasizes eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, which are rich in fiber, potassium, calcium, and magnesium².
Choice C reason: The DASH diet encourages consuming foods that are high in calcium, such as fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, beans, and nuts¹. Calcium is a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and supports bone health³. Studies have shown that increasing calcium intake can lower blood pressure in people with hypertension³.
Choice D reason: The DASH diet advises limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils¹. Saturated fat can raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The DASH diet recommends consuming no more than six percent of total calories from saturated fat¹.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: "I should use butter for cooking vegetables." is not a correct statement, as butter is high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart disease. The nurse should advise the client to use unsaturated oils, such as olive or canola oil, for cooking vegetables.
Choice B reason: "I will choose whole grain bread." is a correct statement, as whole grains are rich in fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, which can lower the risk of heart disease. The nurse should encourage the client to choose whole grain bread over refined bread, and to consume at least three servings of whole grains per day.
Choice C reason: "I should decrease my sodium intake to 3.2 grams per day." is not a correct statement, as 3.2 grams of sodium is equivalent to 8 grams of salt, which is above the recommended limit of 6 grams of salt per day for adults. The nurse should instruct the client to reduce their sodium intake to less than 2.3 grams per day, or 1.5 grams per day if they have high blood pressure, and to avoid processed foods, canned foods, and table salt.
Choice D reason: "I will eat chicken with the skin." is not a correct statement, as chicken skin is high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart disease. The nurse should suggest the client to remove the skin from chicken before eating, and to choose lean cuts of poultry, fish, or meat.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D reason: Tuna is a good source of iodine, which is a mineral that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be caused by iodine deficiency. Eating more iodine-rich foods, such as tuna, can help prevent or treat a goiter.
Choice A reason: Red meat is not a good source of iodine, and it can also be high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Eating more red meat is not advisable for a client who has a goiter.
Choice B reason: Blueberries are not a good source of iodine, and they have no direct effect on the thyroid gland or a goiter. Blueberries are rich in antioxidants and other nutrients, but they are not a specific food choice for a client who has a goiter.
Choice C reason: Bananas are not a good source of iodine, and they have no direct effect on the thyroid gland or a goiter. Bananas are a good source of potassium and fiber, but they are not a specific food choice for a client who has a goiter.
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