A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Magnesium
Folic acid
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for bone health, immune function, and calcium absorption. It is mainly obtained from exposure to sunlight and animal sources, such as dairy products, eggs, and fish. Vegans are at risk for vitamin D deficiency, especially if they live in areas with limited sunlight or do not take supplements.
Choice B reason: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. It is abundant in plant sources, such as fruits and vegetables. Vegans are not likely to be deficient in vitamin C, unless they have a very restricted diet or a malabsorption disorder.
Choice C reason: Magnesium is a mineral that is involved in many enzymatic reactions, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and bone formation. It is widely distributed in plant and animal foods, such as nuts, seeds, legumes, grains, and green leafy vegetables. Vegans are not prone to magnesium deficiency, unless they have a chronic condition that affects magnesium absorption or excretion.
Choice D reason: Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and red blood cell production. It is found in fortified grains, cereals, breads, and pasta, as well as in dark green leafy vegetables, beans, and lentils. Vegans are not at risk for folic acid deficiency, as long as they consume enough of these foods or take supplements.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fever is not an indication of an allergic reaction, as it is a sign of infection or inflammation. The nurse should assess the infant for other causes of fever, such as ear infection, urinary tract infection, or viral illness.
Choice B reason: Jaundice is not an indication of an allergic reaction, as it is a sign of liver dysfunction or hemolysis. The nurse should evaluate the infant for other causes of jaundice, such as hepatitis, biliary atresia, or hemolytic anemia.
Choice C reason: Bruising is not an indication of an allergic reaction, as it is a sign of trauma or bleeding disorder. The nurse should examine the infant for other causes of bruising, such as injury, coagulopathy, or leukemia.
Choice D reason: Diarrhea is an indication of an allergic reaction, as it is a sign of gastrointestinal hypersensitivity or intolerance. The nurse should ask the parents about the infant's food intake, history of allergies, and symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diabetes mellitus is not a likely complication of malnutrition, as it is caused by insufficient insulin production or action, not by inadequate food intake. Malnutrition may worsen the outcomes of diabetes, but it does not cause it.
Choice B reason: Pressure injury is a common complication of malnutrition, as it is caused by impaired tissue perfusion and oxygenation due to poor nutrition. Malnutrition can lead to loss of muscle mass, subcutaneous fat, and skin integrity, which increase the risk of developing pressure ulcers.
Choice C reason: Heat intolerance is not a direct complication of malnutrition, as it is caused by impaired thermoregulation due to hormonal or neurological disorders, not by insufficient food intake. Malnutrition may affect the body's ability to cope with heat stress, but it does not cause it.
Choice D reason: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not a typical complication of malnutrition, as it is caused by the backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a weak or incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, not by inadequate food intake. Malnutrition may aggravate the symptoms of GERD, but it does not cause it.
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