A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?

Flu-like symptoms and night sweats

Kaposi's sarcoma

Fungal and bacterial infections

Pneumocystis lung infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:
Flu-like symptoms: These are common during the early stages of HIV infection, often within 2-4 weeks after exposure to the virus. They are a result of the body's immune system responding to the virus. Symptoms can include:
Fever Fatigue

Muscle aches

Headache Sore throat

Rash

Swollen lymph nodes
Night sweats: These are also common in early HIV infection and can be caused by the body's attempts to fight off the virus or by inflammation. They can also be a side effect of some HIV medications.

Choice B rationale:
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS): This is a type of cancer that is associated with HIV infection. It is caused by a virus called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS often appears as purple or red lesions on the skin or in the mouth. It can also affect other organs, such as the lungs and lymph nodes. However, it's not a common initial symptom of HIV infection. It usually develops in later stages of HIV when the immune system is severely weakened.

Choice C rationale:
Fungal and bacterial infections: People with HIV are more susceptible to infections because the virus weakens their immune system. However, fungal and bacterial infections are not typically among the initial symptoms of HIV infection. They usually occur in later stages of the disease when the immune system is more compromised.

Choice D rationale:
Pneumocystis lung infection (PCP): This is a serious lung infection that is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii. It is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV, but it is not typically an initial symptom. It usually develops in later stages of HIV when the CD4 count (a measure of immune system health) is very low.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
A high-purine diet is actually contraindicated in gout because purines are metabolized into uric acid, which can accumulate in the joints and trigger gout attacks. Therefore, a low-purine diet is recommended.

Choice B rationale:
Aspirin is not typically recommended for gout because it can interfere with the excretion of uric acid and potentially worsen the condition. While low-dose aspirin might be used for specific cardiovascular benefits in some gout patients, it's not a general treatment for gout itself.

Choice C rationale:Alcohol intake is a common trigger for gout attacks because it can increase uric acid levels in the blood. Therefore, limiting alcohol intake is an important part of managing gout.

Choice D rationale:
Fluid intake should be increased, not limited, in gout patients. This is because adequate hydration helps to flush uric acid out of the body and reduce the risk of gout attacks.

A. Develops an acute retroviral syndrome B. Has a CD4+ T lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/mm C. Is capable of transmitting the virus to others D. Contracts HIV-specific antibodies A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed as HIV positive.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) is an early stage of HIV infection that often presents with flu-like symptoms. It does not determine AIDS diagnosis.

Choice B rationale:
A CD4+ T lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/mm is a defining criterion for AIDS diagnosis. This low count indicates a severely weakened immune system, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections and other AIDS-defining illnesses.

Choice C rationale:
A person with HIV can transmit the virus to others regardless of their CD4+ T cell count. Transmission risk is not a diagnostic criterion for AIDS.

Choice D rationale:
HIV-specific antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to HIV infection but their presence does not signify AIDS progression.

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A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

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A nurse is completing discharge instructions with a client following an acute onset of gout. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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