A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin 500 mg via intermittent IV infusion every 6 hr. Available is vancomycin 500 mg in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL to infuse over 2 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.).

Choice A rationale:

Peer pressure (Choice A) is an external stressor, as it involves the influence of others on an individual's thoughts or actions. It originates from outside the individual and is not directly related to an internal psychological response.

Choice B rationale:

Death of a family member (Choice B) is an external stressor, as it is an event that occurs externally to the individual. While it can cause significant emotional distress, it is not considered an internal stressor.

Choice C rationale:

Fear of medical test results (Choice C) is the correct answer as an internal stressor. Internal stressors are psychological or emotional factors that originate within the individual and contribute to stress. Fear of medical test results is a personal worry that can lead to anxiety and emotional turmoil.

Choice D rationale:

Job transfer to another city (Choice D) is an external stressor, as it involves a change in the individual's external environment. It is not an internal psychological factor causing stress.

Choice A rationale:

Justice refers to the fair distribution of resources and benefits. It pertains to treating individuals equitably and ensuring that their rights are respected. However, in this scenario, the nurse is specifically addressing the client's right to refuse treatment, which aligns more with the concept of autonomy.

Choice B rationale:

Veracity is the principle of truthfulness and honesty in communication between healthcare professionals and clients. While it is an important ethical principle, it does not directly relate to the client's right to refuse treatment. This right falls under the principle of autonomy, where individuals have the right to make decisions about their own healthcare, including the decision to refuse treatment.

Choice C rationale:

Fidelity, also known as loyalty or faithfulness, refers to the nurse's commitment to keeping promises and being dedicated to the well-being of the client. While respecting the client's autonomy is part of being faithful to their needs and preferences, the specific right to refuse treatment is better categorized under the principle of autonomy.

Choice D rationale:

Autonomy is the correct choice. Autonomy emphasizes an individual's right to make decisions regarding their own healthcare based on their values, beliefs, and preferences. In this context, the nurse's responsibility is to uphold the client's autonomy by respecting their decision to refuse treatment. The nurse should ensure that the client has been properly informed about the risks and benefits of the treatment and that their decision is voluntary and informed.