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A nurse is preparing to administer rifampin 20 mg/kg/day PO in two divided doses to a client who weighs 132 lb and has tuberculosis. The amount available is rifampin 150 mg capsules. How many capsules should the nurse administer per dose?
(Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is ["4"]

To determine how many capsules of rifampin the nurse should administer per dose, we can follow these steps:

Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms:

132 lb ÷ 2.2 = 59.9 kg (rounded to one decimal place)

Calculate the total daily dose of rifampin:

20 mg/kg/day × 59.9 kg = 1198 mg/day

Divide the total daily dose into two equal doses for administration:

1198 mg/day ÷ 2 = 599 mg per dose

Calculate the number of capsules needed per dose:

150 mg per capsule

599 mg per dose ÷ 150 mg per capsule = 3.9933...

Rounding to the nearest whole number, the nurse should administer 4 capsules per dose.

Therefore, the nurse should administer 4 capsules of rifampin per dose.

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Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

To calculate the amount of ampicillin the nurse should administer per dose in milliliters (mL) for a 500 mg IM dose, we can use the following steps:

Given:

Ampicillin dose: 500 mg

Available concentration after reconstitution: 250 mg/mL

Volume of sterile water to be added: 1.8 mL

Step 1: Calculate the amount of ampicillin to be administered per dose in mL

First, we need to reconstitute the ampicillin vial to yield the desired concentration of 250 mg/mL.

The concentration after reconstitution is 250 mg/mL, and the total dose required is 500 mg. Therefore, the nurse needs to administer:

Volume = Ampicillin dose / Concentration

Volume = 500 mg / 250 mg/mL

Volume = 2 mL

Rounding to the nearest whole number:

Volume = 2 mL

Therefore, the nurse should administer 2 mL of the reconstituted ampicillin solution per dose.

A. Elimination B. Metabolism C. Distribution D. Absorption

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Elimination is the process of removing a drug from the body, usually through the kidneys or the liver. Acute renal failure is a condition where the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. This can impair the elimination of drugs that are mainly excreted by the kidneys, leading to increased drug levels and potential toxicity. The nurse should monitor the patient's renal function and adjust the dose of drugs that are renally eliminated.

Choice B reason: Metabolism is the process of transforming a drug into one or more metabolites, usually by enzymes in the liver. Acute renal failure does not directly affect the metabolism of drugs, unless it causes liver damage or alters the blood flow to the liver. The nurse should monitor the patient's liver function and the levels of drugs that are metabolized by the liver.

Choice C reason: Distribution is the process of transferring a drug from the blood to the tissues and organs of the body. Acute renal failure can affect the distribution of drugs that are bound to plasma proteins, such as albumin. When the kidneys are damaged, they may leak protein into the urine, causing hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood). This can increase the amount of free or unbound drug in the blood, which may enhance the drug's effect or cause adverse reactions. The nurse should monitor the patient's serum albumin level and the effects of drugs that are highly protein bound.

Choice D reason: Absorption is the process of moving a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream. Acute renal failure does not directly affect the absorption of drugs, unless it causes changes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as edema, bleeding, or motility disorders. The nurse should monitor the patient's gastrointestinal function and the bioavailability of drugs that are administered orally.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

A patient is admitted for acute renal failure and the nurse is monitoring their response to medications. Which pharmacokinetic principle does the nurse understand will most likely be affected in this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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