A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about preventing health care associated infections (HAIs).
The nurse should include which of the following as a common cause of these infections?

Urinary catheterization.

Malnutrition.

Multiple caregivers.

Chlorhexidine washes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Urinary catheterization is a common cause of health care-associated infections (HAIs), which are infections that patients get while receiving medical treatment in a health care facility. Urinary catheterization involves inserting a tube into the bladder to drain urine, which can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract and cause infections.

Choice B is wrong because malnutrition is not a direct cause of HAIs, although it can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections.

Choice C is wrong because multiple caregivers are not a direct cause of HAIs, although they can increase the exposure to different pathogens and cross contamination if they do not follow proper hygiene and infection control practices.

Choice D is wrong because chlorhexidine washes are not a cause of HAIs, but rather a preventive measure to reduce the risk of HAIs by disinfecting the skin and mucous membranes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because people with COPD are more likely to catch respiratory infections such as colds, flu and pneumonia, which can worsen their symptoms and cause further lung damage. An influenza vaccine can help prevent flu and reduce the risk of complications.

Choice B. A broad-spectrum antibiotic is wrong because antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral ones. Antibiotics are usually prescribed for COPD exacerbations caused by bacterial infections, but not for prevention.

Choice C. A bronchodilator is wrong because bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways and make breathing easier. They are used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections.

Choice D. A corticosteroid is wrong because corticosteroids are anti inflammatory drugs that reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. They are also used to treat the symptoms of COPD, but they do not prevent respiratory infections. In fact, long-term use of corticosteroids may increase the risk of infections by suppressing the immune system.

A. The teenager is probably difficult for a single mother to manage, so the family will be referred to social services. B. Further assessment needs to be done to determine if the family needs assistance. C. The mother needs assistance to cope with the stress of raising a teenager on her own. D. The mother will need financial support while she takes off work to care for her son.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because the nurse should not make assumptions about the family’s functionality based on their history or situation, but rather gather more information to identify their strengths and needs.

Choice A is wrong because it implies that the teenager is a problem and the mother is incapable of managing him, which is disrespectful and judgmental.

Choice C is wrong because it assumes that the mother is stressed and needs coping skills, which may not be true.

Choice D is wrong because it suggests that the mother is financially dependent on her son, which is not relevant to the question.

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A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about preventing health care associated infections (HAIs). The nurse should include which of the following as a common cause of these infections?

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Correct Answer is B

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A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about preventing health care associated infections (HAIs).
The nurse should include which of the following as a common cause of these infections?