A nurse is preparing a response protocol for botulism as a bioterrorism agent. The nurse should prepare the protocol based on which of the following information? (Select all that apply.)
Botulism is acquired through direct contact with an infected person.
Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) when more than three cases are confirmed.
Botulism can produce paralysis within 12 to 72 hours following exposure.
Vomiting and diarrhea are expected findings following exposure.
Botulism is a toxin found in castor beans.
Correct Answer : C,D
Choice A reason: Botulism is Acquired Through Direct Contact with an Infected Person
Botulism is not acquired through direct contact with an infected person. It is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The most common forms of botulism are foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. Foodborne botulism occurs when a person ingests food containing the toxin, while wound botulism occurs when the bacteria infect a wound and produce the toxin. Infant botulism occurs when infants ingest spores of the bacteria, which then grow and produce the toxin in their intestines.
Choice B reason: Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) When More Than Three Cases Are Confirmed
While notifying the CDC is crucial in the event of a botulism outbreak, the specific threshold for notification can vary. Generally, any suspected case of botulism should be reported to public health authorities immediately due to the severity of the disease and the potential for outbreaks. The CDC provides guidelines for reporting and managing botulism cases.
Choice C reason: Botulism Can Produce Paralysis Within 12 to 72 Hours Following Exposure
Botulism can indeed produce paralysis within 12 to 72 hours following exposure. The toxin affects the nervous system, leading to muscle paralysis. Early symptoms include weakness, dizziness, and dry mouth, followed by more severe symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness. If left untreated, botulism can lead to respiratory failure and death.
Choice D reason: Vomiting and Diarrhea Are Expected Findings Following Exposure
Vomiting and diarrhea may occur early, especially in foodborne or inhalational exposures, before neurologic signs appear
Choice E reason: Botulism is a Toxin Found in Castor Beans
Botulism is not a toxin found in castor beans. The toxin found in castor beans is ricin, which is a different type of bioterrorism agent. Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A Negative-Pressure Isolation Room
A negative-pressure isolation room is typically used for patients with airborne infections, such as tuberculosis, to prevent the spread of infectious particles through the air. Scabies, however, is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with contaminated items, not through the air. Therefore, a negative-pressure room is not necessary for a client with scabies.
Choice B reason: A Private Room
Placing the client in a private room is the appropriate action. This helps to prevent the spread of scabies to other patients and staff. Scabies is highly contagious, and isolating the affected individual minimizes the risk of transmission. The client should remain in the private room until the treatment regimen is complete and they are no longer contagious.
Choice C reason: A Semi-Private Room with a Client Who Has Pediculosis Capitis
A semi-private room with a client who has pediculosis capitis (head lice) is not appropriate. While both conditions involve parasites, they are different and require separate management and treatment protocols. Placing two clients with different contagious conditions in the same room increases the risk of cross-contamination and complicates infection control measures.
Choice D reason: A Positive-Pressure Isolation Room
A positive-pressure isolation room is used to protect immunocompromised patients from external contaminants by ensuring that air flows out of the room rather than in. This type of room is not suitable for a client with scabies, as it does not address the mode of transmission for this condition.
Correct Answer is ["5"]
Explanation
Step 1: Determine the total volume to be infused. = 1 liter (L)
Step 2: Convert the total volume from liters to milliliters (mL). Calculation: 1 L × 1000 mL/L = 1000 mL
Step 3: Determine the infusion rate. = 200 mL/hr
Step 4: Calculate the infusion time in hours. Calculation: 1000 mL ÷ 200 mL/hr = 5 hours
Step 5: Round the answer to the nearest whole number if necessary. = 5 hours (no rounding needed)
The nurse should expect the IV pump to infuse over 5 hours.
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