A nurse is planning to apply a transdermal analgesic cream prior to inserting an IV for a preschool-age child. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply)

A. Asking the client if they have talked to their parents about their anxiety may not be appropriate, as it assumes the client is comfortable discussing their concerns with their parents. It's important to establish rapport and trust with the client before delving into personal matters such as family dynamics.
B. Asking "Why do you think you are so anxious?" may come across as confrontational and put the client on the defensive. It's important to approach the client's concerns with empathy and understanding rather than seeking an explanation for their anxiety.
C. This response acknowledges the client's feelings and validates their experience, showing empathy and understanding. It opens the door for further exploration of the client's concerns and allows the nurse to provide support and assistance.
D. While assessing the duration of symptoms is important, asking "How long has this been going on?" as an initial response may feel dismissive to the client's current distress. Starting with an empathetic acknowledgment of the client's experience can help build rapport and trust before delving into more specific questions about the duration and severity of symptoms.

A. Increase hematocrit: Fluid overload typically leads to hemodilution, resulting in a decrease in hematocrit rather than an increase. Therefore, an increase in hematocrit would not be expected in a client with fluid overload.
B. Increased temperature: Fluid overload is not typically associated with an increased body temperature. Instead, fever may indicate an infection or another underlying cause. Therefore, an increased temperature would not be a typical finding in a client with fluid overload.
C. Increased heart rate: Fluid overload can lead to an increased heart rate as the body attempts to maintain adequate cardiac output in the presence of excess fluid volume. An elevated heart rate is a compensatory mechanism to maintain tissue perfusion despite the increased workload on the heart.
D. Increased respiratory rate: Fluid overload can cause pulmonary congestion, leading to increased respiratory effort and a higher respiratory rate as the body attempts to compensate for decreased gas exchange efficiency. An increased respiratory rate helps to improve oxygenation and remove excess carbon dioxide from the body.
E. Increased blood pressure: Fluid overload often leads to increased blood pressure due to the increased volume of circulating blood, which can strain the cardiovascular system. Elevated blood pressure is a common manifestation of fluid overload and reflects the increased workload on the heart and blood vessels.