A nurse is phoning a provider to report a client's serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L (3.5-5 mEq/L). Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexolate)
Lactulose
Acetylcysteine
Potassium iodide
The Correct Answer is A
A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate): This medication is used to treat hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestines, which helps lower potassium levels. The client’s potassium level is dangerously high at 6.2 mEq/L, so this is the most appropriate treatment.
B. Lactulose: Lactulose is used to treat hyperammonemia in liver failure or constipation. It has no role in managing elevated potassium levels.
C. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen overdose or as a mucolytic. It is not indicated for hyperkalemia.
D. Potassium iodide: Potassium iodide is used to protect the thyroid from radiation exposure or to treat certain types of thyroid conditions, not for hyperkalemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased bowel sounds: Hypokalemia typically causes decreased bowel activity, leading to constipation or paralytic ileus, rather than increased bowel sounds.
B. Reports of fatigue: Fatigue is a hallmark symptom of hypokalemia due to impaired cellular and muscle function.
C. Positive Trousseau's sign: This is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypokalemia.
D. Reports of numbness in the feet: This is more commonly linked with neuropathy or hypocalcemia, not hypokalemia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The nurse applies a tourniquet to assess a vein: Applying a tourniquet is standard practice and does not increase infection risk if proper technique is used.
B. The nurse dons gloves before starting the IV: Wearing gloves minimizes the risk of infection for both the patient and the nurse.
C. The nurse blows on the area cleansed with alcohol to dry it quickly: Blowing on the site introduces bacteria from the nurse's breath to the cleansed area, increasing the risk of infection.
D. The nurse cleans the area with an alcohol pad: Cleaning the site with alcohol reduces the risk of infection and is standard practice.
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