A nurse is performing a mobility assessment on a client.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Choice A rationale:

Abstract thinking develops during Piaget's formal operational stage, not the preoperational stage. The preoperational stage is characterized by symbolic thinking and egocentrism but lacks the ability for abstract thought.

Choice B rationale:

Concrete operational thinking is focused on logical and systematic thinking related to concrete objects and events, and it does not involve abstract thinking. Abstract thinking, including hypothetical and deductive reasoning, is a feature of the formal operational stage.

Choice C rationale:

Abstract thinking and formal operational thought develop during Piaget's formal operational stage, which typically begins in adolescence and continues into adulthood. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically, solve complex problems, and consider abstract concepts.

Choice D rationale:

The sensorimotor stage is the earliest stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and it is primarily concerned with sensory and motor exploration. Abstract thinking is not a component of this stage. .

Choice A rationale:

Constipation in a client on bedrest is a common issue, and one of the primary interventions is to increase fluid intake. Adequate hydration helps soften the stool, making it easier to pass, and can prevent constipation. This intervention is based on sound nursing principles and is the most appropriate choice.

Choice B rationale:

Encouraging the client to drink cold fluids is not a specific intervention for constipation. While staying hydrated is important, the temperature of the fluids is not as relevant to relieving constipation as the overall fluid intake.

Choice C rationale:

Requesting a prescription for mineral oil is not the first-line intervention for constipation. Mineral oil can have potential side effects and should only be used when other measures have failed. Increasing fluid intake and dietary fiber are typically the initial steps taken.

Choice D rationale:

Placing the client on a low-fiber diet is not an appropriate intervention for constipation. A low-fiber diet can exacerbate constipation by reducing the bulk and softness of the stool. This choice is counterproductive to addressing the issue.