A nurse is instructing a client newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications.
What information should the nurse include in the teaching?

The client’s family will also need to take medications to prevent infection.

A typical course of treatment involves 6 to 9 months of consistent medication use.

Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client’s life, even if the client feels better.

Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

While it’s important for the client’s family to be aware of the disease and take precautions, they do not necessarily need to take medications to prevent infection. Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease, but it typically requires close and prolonged contact to spread. Family members should be tested for TB, and if they test positive, then treatment would be necessary.

Choice B rationale:

This is the correct answer. A typical course of treatment for TB involves 6 to 9 months of consistent medication use. This is because TB bacteria die very slowly, and medications need to be taken for several months to ensure that all the bacteria are killed. If treatment is stopped too soon, some bacteria may survive and become resistant to the drugs.

Choice C rationale:

It’s not accurate to say that medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client’s life. While TB treatment is lengthy, it does not continue indefinitely. Once the full course of treatment is completed and the disease is cured, further medication is not typically necessary.

Choice D rationale:

The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test, is used to determine whether a person has TB infection. However, the test can remain positive for a long time, even after successful treatment. Therefore, medications should not be taken until the Mantoux test is negative. Instead, the duration of treatment is determined by the healthcare provider based on various factors, including the patient’s response to the medication.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. However, it is not typically used as an anti-HIV drug.

Choice B rationale:

Ribavirin is an antiviral medication used to treat hepatitis C and certain other viral infections. While it has broad-spectrum antiviral activity, it is not specifically used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Choice C rationale:

Foscarnet is an antiviral medication used to treat or prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in individuals with AIDS. It is also used to treat cold sores and genital herpes. However, it is not the first-line choice for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Choice D rationale:

Zidovudine, also known as AZT, is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally safe for use during pregnancy and is commonly used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV12. It works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, thereby blocking viral replication. The use of Zidovudine and other antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women with HIV has significantly reduced the rate of mother-to-child transmission of the virus.

A. Administer the antibiotic dose, then obtain blood and urine cultures. B. Obtain urine culture, administer the antibiotic dose, then obtain blood culture. C. Obtain blood culture, administer the antibiotic dose, then obtain urine culture. D. Obtain blood and urine cultures, then administer the antibiotic dose.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Administering the antibiotic dose before obtaining the cultures could potentially affect the results of the cultures. Antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, so administering them before obtaining the cultures could lead to false negatives. This could lead to incorrect or delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Choice B rationale:

While obtaining the urine culture before administering the antibiotic dose is a good step, it should not be done before obtaining the blood culture. Blood cultures are usually obtained before urine cultures because they can help identify bacteria or fungi in the blood. This can be crucial in diagnosing conditions like sepsis. Furthermore, administering the antibiotic dose before obtaining the blood culture could affect the results of the culture.

Choice C rationale:

Obtaining the blood culture before administering the antibiotic dose is a good step, but the urine culture should also be obtained before the antibiotic dose is administered. Administering the antibiotic dose before obtaining all necessary cultures could affect the results of the cultures and lead to incorrect or delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Choice D rationale:

This is the correct sequence of actions. The nurse should first obtain both blood and urine cultures before administering the antibiotic dose. This is because the antibiotic could potentially kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, which could affect the results of the cultures. By obtaining the cultures first, the healthcare team can ensure they are getting accurate results that have not been influenced by the antibiotics. This can lead to a more accurate diagnosis and more effective treatment plan.

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A nurse is instructing a client newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing counseling to a woman who is HIV positive and has just discovered that she is pregnant. Which anti-HIV drug is given to HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent transmission of the virus to the infant?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is instructing a client newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications.
What information should the nurse include in the teaching?