A nurse is instructing a client newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications.
What information should the nurse include in the teaching?
The client’s family will also need to take medications to prevent infection.
A typical course of treatment involves 6 to 9 months of consistent medication use.
Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client’s life, even if the client feels better.
Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
While it’s important for the client’s family to be aware of the disease and take precautions, they do not necessarily need to take medications to prevent infection. Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease, but it typically requires close and prolonged contact to spread. Family members should be tested for TB, and if they test positive, then treatment would be necessary.
Choice B rationale:
This is the correct answer. A typical course of treatment for TB involves 6 to 9 months of consistent medication use. This is because TB bacteria die very slowly, and medications need to be taken for several months to ensure that all the bacteria are killed. If treatment is stopped too soon, some bacteria may survive and become resistant to the drugs.
Choice C rationale:
It’s not accurate to say that medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client’s life. While TB treatment is lengthy, it does not continue indefinitely. Once the full course of treatment is completed and the disease is cured, further medication is not typically necessary.
Choice D rationale:
The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test, is used to determine whether a person has TB infection. However, the test can remain positive for a long time, even after successful treatment. Therefore, medications should not be taken until the Mantoux test is negative. Instead, the duration of treatment is determined by the healthcare provider based on various factors, including the patient’s response to the medication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Polyuria, which is frequent or excessive urination, is not typically a symptom of hypoglycemia. It is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar levels.
Choice B rationale:
Sweating is indeed a common symptom of hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels fall too low, the body may respond by sweating as it releases adrenaline in response to the hypoglycemic state.
Choice C rationale:
Tachycardia, or a fast heartbeat, is another common symptom of hypoglycemia. This is part of the body’s response to low blood sugar levels, as it releases adrenaline to try to raise these levels.
Choice D rationale:
Blurry vision can be a symptom of hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels fall, it can affect the ability of the eyes to focus, leading to blurry vision.
Choice E rationale:
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is not typically a symptom of hypoglycemia. Like polyuria, it is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the pancreas, an organ in the abdomen, produces very little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to use glucose for energy. Glucose is a sugar that comes, in large part, from foods we eat. Insulin allows glucose to enter cells in the body. Therefore, if a client with type 1 diabetes refuses breakfast and requests to sleep, it could lead to hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemia can cause symptoms such as weakness, sweating, confusion, and in severe cases, unconsciousness or seizures. It is a medical emergency and should be reported immediately.
Choice B rationale:
Trimming a toenail may seem like a simple task, but for a person with diabetes, it can lead to serious complications. Diabetes can cause nerve damage that leads to numbness in the feet, making it difficult for a person to feel a cut, blister, or sore. These injuries can become infected and lead to serious complications, such as the need for amputation. However, this situation is not as immediately life-threatening as hypoglycemia and does not need to be reported immediately.
Choice C rationale:
Dark yellow urine can be a sign of dehydration, which can be a concern for individuals with diabetes. However, it can also be a result of less serious causes such as certain medications, foods, or simply not drinking enough fluids. While it’s important for the AP to encourage the client to drink more fluids, this situation is not as immediately life-threatening as hypoglycemia.
Choice D rationale:
Dizziness when standing, also known as orthostatic hypotension, can be a side effect of some medications used to treat diabetes. It can also be a symptom of dehydration or other conditions. While it’s important for the AP to monitor the client’s symptoms and report any changes, this situation is not as immediately life-threatening as hypoglycemia
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