A nurse is giving a presentation to a community group about preventing atherosclerosis. Which of the following should the nurse include as modifiable risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale
Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Managing blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication can reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Choice B rationale
Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, is another modifiable risk factor. Dietary adjustments, physical activity, and medications can help manage cholesterol levels.

Choice C rationale
Genetic predisposition is not a modifiable risk factor. It is an inherent risk that cannot be changed, but awareness can prompt early monitoring and intervention.

Choice D rationale
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Weight loss through diet and exercise can significantly reduce the risk.

Choice E rationale
Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the risk of developing this condition.

Choice A rationale
Diarrhea is a common symptom in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, often presenting with urgency and frequency.

Choice B rationale
Lesions that penetrate the intestine are more characteristic of Crohn's disease, which can affect any layer of the intestinal wall and any part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Choice C rationale
Strictures are more common in Crohn's disease due to its transmural inflammatory nature, which can lead to fibrosis and narrowing of the intestines¹.

Choice D rationale
UC is restricted to the colon and often involves the rectum, but Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus and is not restricted to the rectum¹.