A nurse is gathering data on a client who was admitted with pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to be exhibiting?
(Select All that Apply.)

Frothy urine

Hypertension

Fish-type urine odor

Mental confusion

Lower abdominal pain

Weak urine stream

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E

A. Frothy urine: Frothy urine is typically associated with proteinuria, seen in nephrotic syndrome, not pyelonephritis.

B. Hypertension: Hypertension can occur due to kidney inflammation and impaired function in pyelonephritis.

C. Fish-type urine odor: A foul or fishy-smelling urine odor is often associated with a urinary tract infection, including pyelonephritis.

D. Mental confusion: Mental confusion can occur in elderly patients with pyelonephritis due to systemic infection or sepsis.

E. Lower abdominal pain: Lower abdominal pain can occur with pyelonephritis due to infection in the urinary tract.

F. Weak urine stream: A weak urine stream is more characteristic of lower urinary tract issues, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), rather than pyelonephritis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys: Inflammation is not the primary mechanism of decreased GFR in ATN. It is more related to cellular damage and dysfunction.

B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys: While reduced blood flow can contribute to acute kidney injury, the ongoing decline in GFR in ATN is due to tubular damage, not ongoing ischemia.

C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down: Obstruction is not the key issue in ATN; rather, it’s the tubular cell injury that disrupts filtration.

D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) involves damage to the renal tubular cells, which disrupts the ability of the nephrons to filter blood efficiently. This cellular injury is the primary cause of the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ATN.

A. Spider angioma B. Increased body hair C. Weak pulse D. Dark colored stools

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Spider angioma: Spider angiomas are a common manifestation of advanced cirrhosis due to increased estrogen levels resulting from impaired liver function.

B. Increased body hair: Clients with cirrhosis often have decreased body hair due to hormonal imbalances and liver dysfunction, not increased body hair.

C. Weak pulse: While a weak pulse could indicate circulatory issues, it is not a common manifestation specific to cirrhosis. The nurse would expect signs like jaundice, ascites, or edema.

D. Dark-colored stools: Dark-colored stools are more commonly seen in cases of gastrointestinal bleeding or iron supplements. In cirrhosis, the stools are often pale or clay-colored due to bile flow obstruction.

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A nurse is gathering data on a client who was admitted with pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to be exhibiting? (Select All that Apply.)

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has advanced cirrhosis. Which of the following manifestation should the nurse expect to find?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is gathering data on a client who was admitted with pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to be exhibiting?
(Select All that Apply.)