A female presents to the clinic with complaints of dysuria and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following findings on physical examination would most likely support a diagnosis of cystitis?

Costovertebral angle tenderness

Suprapubic tenderness

Abdominal distention

Lower extremity edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Costovertebral angle tenderness: Costovertebral angle tenderness is more indicative of pyelonephritis (kidney infection) rather than cystitis, as it signals an upper urinary tract infection.

B. Suprapubic tenderness: Suprapubic tenderness is a classic sign of cystitis. This symptom, combined with dysuria and increased urinary frequency, strongly supports the diagnosis.

C. Abdominal distention: Abdominal distention is not typically associated with cystitis. It may suggest other conditions like bowel obstruction or ascites.

D. Lower extremity edema: Lower extremity edema is not a common finding in cystitis. It is more associated with systemic conditions like heart failure or kidney disease.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Crohn's disease causes continuous inflammation of the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the colon and rectal linings: This description is more applicable to ulcerative colitis, which involves continuous inflammation and primarily affects the colon and rectum, not Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the GI tract.

B. Crohn's disease is characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract: While this is an accurate medical description of Crohn’s disease, it uses technical language that may be difficult for a patient to understand.

C. Crohn's disease has the appearance of a patchwork quilt with some areas that are clear and some with sores. This description provides a clear and visual explanation of the nature of Crohn’s disease, which typically affects the gastrointestinal tract in a "skip lesion" pattern, where some areas are inflamed (sores), and others appear normal (clear areas).

D. Crohn's disease looks like what would appear to be a second-degree burn in the colon and rectum areas only: This description is inaccurate for Crohn’s disease, as it implies the disease is limited to the colon and rectum, which is not the case. Crohn’s can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus.

A. Apply a heating pad to the abdomen B. Administer a cleansing enema C. Administer oral analgesics as needed D. Place the patient on NPO status

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Apply a heating pad to the abdomen: This is incorrect and potentially harmful, as applying heat to the abdomen can increase blood flow and worsen inflammation or risk rupture of the appendix.

B. Administer a cleansing enema: Enemas should not be administered for suspected appendicitis as they may cause irritation and increase the risk of perforation.

C. Administer oral analgesics as needed: Oral analgesics are contraindicated since the patient should be NPO, and strong pain relief might mask the symptoms of a ruptured appendix.

D. Place the patient on NPO status: The highest priority preoperative intervention is to place the patient on NPO (nothing by mouth) status to prevent aspiration during anesthesia, a standard preoperative practice, especially for abdominal surgeries.

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A female presents to the clinic with complaints of dysuria and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following findings on physical examination would most likely support a diagnosis of cystitis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing education to a client who has recently been diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Which of the following explanations by the nurse best simplifies and explains the disorder in non-medical terms?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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