A nurse is discussing risk factors for child maltreatment with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following examples should the nurse include?

Rationale:

A. Ask the client's partner to sign as next of kin: The partner cannot legally provide informed consent on behalf of the client unless they have legal power of attorney. Consent must come from the client unless they are incapacitated.

B. Document the client's refusal in their medical record: While documentation is important, it should only occur after ensuring the client fully understands the procedure. Without effective communication, refusal may not be informed.

C. Check to see if the client has an advance directive: Advance directives guide care if the client is incapacitated but may not apply if the client is alert and able to make decisions about the current procedure.

D. Ask the provider to explain the procedure through an interpreter: Using a professional interpreter ensures clear communication so the client can make an informed decision about the cesarean birth, respecting autonomy and reducing misunderstanding.

Rationale:

A. Wipe from the outer to the inner canthus after administering the drops: The correct technique is to wipe from the inner to the outer canthus to avoid introducing pathogens into the lacrimal system. Wiping in the wrong direction increases the risk of eye infections.

B. Position the child side-lying on the bed before administering the drops: Eye drops should be administered with the child in a supine or slightly reclined position. Side-lying positioning is more appropriate for ear drops and does not allow proper exposure of the conjunctival sac.

C. Apply pressure to the lacrimal punctum after administering the drops: Pressing the lacrimal punctum (inner corner of the eye) helps prevent systemic absorption of the medication by occluding the tear duct. This increases local efficacy and reduces the risk of systemic side effects, which is especially important in children.

D. Flush the eye with formal saline solution before administering the drops: Flushing with formal saline is unnecessary unless there is debris or discharge. Routine eye drop administration does not require pre-flushing..