A nurse is discussing risk factors for child maltreatment with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following examples should the nurse include?

Rationale:

• Examine the client's nail beds: Assessing nail beds for cyanosis provides visual clues of hypoxia. This is a noninvasive, rapid method to evaluate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The client's saturations are borderline low despite increasing oxygen.

• Place the client in the supine position: The supine position can reduce lung expansion and worsen hypoxia, especially after sedation. Elevating the head of the bed promotes lung expansion and better diaphragmatic movement.

• Encourage client to perform deep breathing exercises: Deep breathing helps expand alveoli and improves oxygen exchange. It may reduce the need for higher oxygen delivery if the hypoxia is due to shallow respirations after sedation.

• Prepare to administer oxygen via Venturi face mask: The client's O₂ saturation is dropping despite nasal cannula at 5 L/min. A Venturi mask delivers a more precise and consistent oxygen concentration, making it appropriate here.

• Add a humidifier to the oxygen device: Humidification is generally needed for oxygen above 4 L/min over long durations. This client has only been on oxygen for a short time post-procedure, so humidification is not urgently required.

Rationale:

A. Nurse addressing the client directly while the interpreter is present: This demonstrates culturally competent and client-centered care. Documenting that the nurse communicated directly with the client through a qualified interpreter shows appropriate use of interpretation services and respect for the client's autonomy.

B. Nurse asking the client for questions at the end of the instructions: While this is good practice, it does not specifically demonstrate that the client's language needs were addressed. Without interpreter documentation there’s no assurance the client understood the information.

C. Staff member serving as an interpreter for the client: Unless the staff member is a certified medical interpreter, using them for interpretation may result in miscommunication and is not best practice. Documentation should reflect use of trained professionals.

D. Family member acting as an interpreter for the client: Family members should not be used for interpretation due to risks of bias, inaccuracies, and privacy violations. Professional interpreters are necessary to ensure accurate, safe, and confidential communication.